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Developed in the 19th to 20th centuries, involves suppressive fire and maneuver elements to close with and defeat the enemy

Classical antiquity to present, uses a strong frontal force (anvil) to pin the enemy against a mobile striking force (hammer)

20th Century, utilized by forces to form strong, self-sufficient defensive positions or zones amidst enemy territory

World War II, used by Allied forces in the Pacific Theater to bypass heavily fortified islands and isolate them with naval blockades

Late 20th century, designed to counter Warsaw Pact forces through integration of air and land power

Varied throughout history, utilizes small, mobile groups to perform hit-and-run tactics on a larger, less-mobile traditional army

20th Century to present, integrates different branches of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects

Early 20th Century, particularly World War II, aimed at disrupting the enemy's command structure, supply lines, and communications

Ancient Rome, aimed at avoiding pitched battles and frontal assaults to wear down an opponent through a war of attrition

Used from ancient to modern times, involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area

20th Century, particularly World War II, aims to destroy a targeted area, often without regard for precision or civilian casualties

Ancient to early modern periods, encompasses surrounding and cutting off a fortified place to compel surrender

Ancient to early modern periods, often used by heavily armed and armored cavalry to break through enemy lines

Late 20th to early 21st century, focuses on overwhelming an adversary to undermine their will to fight

Used throughout history, aims at enveloping and cutting off the enemy, ideally leading to their surrender

World War I, characterized by long, costly stalemates and high casualties, emphasizing defense over advance

Common in stalemate or trench warfare conditions, seeks to wear down the enemy to the point of collapse through continual losses

Ancient to modern times, aims at cutting off an enemy's access to resources, trade routes, and effective maritime operations

Contemporary warfare, aims to remove the leadership of an enemy to cause chaos in its ranks and neutralize its ability to retaliate effectively