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Warfare Techniques Over Time
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Drone Warfare
21st century - The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance, targeted killing, and battlefield support.
Siege warfare
Antiquity to the modern era - The process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place to isolate it from support and compel surrender, involves various siege engines and tactics.
Cavalry charges
Middle Ages to Early Modern Period - Attack strategy involving mounted troops rapidly advancing into enemy forces to break their lines.
Castle building
Medieval Period - The construction of fortified structures that served military, administrative, and noble residence functions, crucial for defense and control of land.
Trench Warfare
World War I - A type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
Naval Blockade
18th century to present - The isolation of a nation or area's ports by an enemy's naval fleet to prevent passage of commerce and supplies.
Shock and Awe
21st century - A military doctrine based on using overwhelming power and spectacular displays of force to paralyze the enemy's perception and destroy its will to fight.
Blitzkrieg
World War II - A method of warfare where attackers break through enemy defenses with rapid, powerful and overwhelming force using combined arms, speed, and surprise.
Cyber Warfare
21st century - The use and targeting of computers and networks in warfare. It involves information technology to attack, defend, and exploit enemy or target information systems.
Tunnel Warfare
Ancient to modern times - Digging tunnels under enemy lines to sabotage, surprise, or create subterranean battlegrounds.
Chemical Warfare
World War I to present - The use of chemical substances as weapons to incapacitate, harm, or kill enemy combatants or civilians.
Guerrilla Warfare
Used from the 18th century to present - A form of irregular warfare in which small groups of combatants use mobile tactics to fight a larger, less-mobile traditional military.
Phalanx
Classical Antiquity - A formation of heavy infantry standing shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation, used notably by ancient Greek city-states.
Naval ramming
Antiquity to Middle Ages - Naval warfare tactic where one ship would collide with another using a reinforced prow to damage or sink the enemy vessel.
Scorched Earth Policy
Ancient to modern warfare - A military strategy of destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area.
Total War
Most prominent in the 20th century - Warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, and mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war.
Biological Warfare
Ancient to modern times - The use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.
Testudo formation
Roman Republic and Empire - A defensive formation used by Roman legions where soldiers held their shields overhead and on the sides to form a protective 'shell'.
Attrition Warfare
Common in modern warfare - A strategy of wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and materiel.
Fire arrows
Used from Antiquity to the Middle Ages - Arrows or bolts that were lit on fire to cause destruction, panic, or set enemy structures ablaze.
Electronic Warfare
20th century to present - The use of the electromagnetic spectrum to intercept, jam, or use radio signals for battlefield advantage.
Airborne Operations
20th century to present - Military operations involving the delivery of troops and materiel by air, including airborne assaults and air drops.
Siege Tower
Antiquity to the Middle Ages - A mobile structure designed to protect assailants and allow them to safely approach the walls of a fortress during a siege.
Amphibious Warfare
World War II to present - Military operations launched from the sea by naval and landing forces to attack or secure a shoreline or island.
Sapping
Antiquity to the 18th century - A siege tactic that involves digging tunnels under enemy fortifications to collapse them or plant explosives.
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