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Influential Wars and Their Causes

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World War I

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Main causes: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism; Parties involved: Allied Powers and Central Powers.

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The Franco-Prussian War

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Main causes: German unification efforts, Prussian expansion, French fear of encirclement; Parties involved: Second French Empire and Kingdom of Prussia-led North German Confederation.

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The American Civil War

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Main causes: Slavery, States' rights, Sectionalism; Parties involved: Union (Northern states) and Confederacy (Southern states).

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The Napoleonic Wars

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Main causes: French Revolutionary Wars, Napoleon's ambition, Coalition formations; Parties involved: French Empire and various European coalitions.

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The Russo-Japanese War

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Main causes: Rival imperial ambitions in Korea and Manchuria, Japan's desire to equal Western imperialist powers, Russian expansionism; Parties involved: Empire of Japan and Russian Empire.

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The Korean War

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Main causes: Division of Korea, Containment of communism, Cold War tensions; Parties involved: North Korea & China (with Soviet support) and South Korea & United Nations forces.

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The Falklands War

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Main causes: Argentine claim to the islands, Nationalism, UK's control of the islands; Parties involved: United Kingdom and Argentina.

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The Great Northern War

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Main causes: Swedish Empire's control of the Baltic Sea, Russian expansionism, Coalition building; Parties involved: Swedish Empire vs. Coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia.

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The Crusades

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Main causes: Religious and political control, Christian piety, Economic gain; Parties involved: Various European powers and Muslim states.

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The Punic Wars

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Main causes: Competition for Mediterranean supremacy, Economic rivalry, Territorial disputes; Parties involved: Roman Republic and Carthage.

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The Seven Years' War

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Main causes: Global colonial rivalry, Diplomatic shifts, Silesian Wars; Parties involved: Great Britain & its allies and France & its allies.

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The Spanish Civil War

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Main causes: Political polarization, Failed reforms, Military coup; Parties involved: Republican government and Nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco.

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The Boer Wars

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Main causes: British imperialism, Afrikaner nationalism, Control over South African gold and diamond deposits; Parties involved: British Empire and Boer Republics (Transvaal and Orange Free State).

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The Peloponnesian War

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Main causes: Athenian empire expansion, Sparta's fear of Athenian dominance, Delian League versus the Peloponnesian League; Parties involved: Athens and her allies vs. Sparta and her allies.

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The Six-Day War

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Main causes: Arab nationalism, Israeli security concerns, Border disputes; Parties involved: Israel versus Egypt, Syria, and Jordan.

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The Hundred Years' War

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Main causes: English territorial claims in France, Succession dispute to the French throne, Economic conflicts; Parties involved: Kingdom of England and Kingdom of France.

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The War of the Spanish Succession

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Main causes: Power balance concerns with possible French Bourbon succession, Territorial disputes, Grand Alliance formation; Parties involved: France & Spain vs England, the Dutch Republic, and Austria.

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World War II

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Main causes: Treaty of Versailles, Expansionist policies of Axis powers, Failure of appeasement; Parties involved: Axis Powers and Allied Powers.

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The Thirty Years' War

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Main causes: Religious conflict, Political power struggle, Dynastic ambitions; Parties involved: Protestant and Catholic states within the Holy Roman Empire.

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The Vietnam War

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Main causes: Containment of Communism, Cold War proxy struggle, North Vietnamese nationalism; Parties involved: North Vietnam & Viet Cong and South Vietnam & U.S.-led anti-communist coalition.

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