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World War I Key Facts

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The Battle of Jutland

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Fought by the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet against the Imperial German Navy, it was the largest naval battle in WWI and the only full-scale clash of battleships during the war.

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The Eastern Front

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The theatre of combat between the Russian Empire and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, etc.), characterized by less trench warfare and more mobility than the Western Front.

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The Battle of Verdun

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Fought from February to December 1916, it was one of the longest and most devastating battles in the Great War and in the history of warfare.

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League of Nations

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An intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920, it was the precursor to the United Nations.

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Trench Warfare

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A type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines largely comprising military trenches, where troops were significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and substantially sheltered from artillery.

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The Lusitania

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A British ocean liner that was sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans, influencing the US decision to enter the WWI.

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Total War

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A type of warfare that involves a complete mobilization of all available resources and population, indicating the total engagement of a nation's resources into the war effort.

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassination

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The event that triggered the outbreak of World War I, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated on June 28, 1914.

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The Western Front

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The main theatre of war during World War I which ran from the North Sea to the Swiss Frontier with France, it involved many battles including Ypres and the Somme.

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Battle of the Somme

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Fought in 1916, it was one of the largest battles of World War I, with more than one million casualties, and is synonymous with the futility of trench warfare.

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Armistice Day

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November 11th, commemorates the armistice signed between the Allies and Germany for the end of hostilities on the Western Front, which took effect at 11 a.m. on the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918.

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Zimmermann Telegram

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A secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States entering WWI against Germany.

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Christmas Truce

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An unofficial cease-fire that occurred along the Western Front around Christmas 1914, during which troops from both sides emerged from the trenches and shared gestures of goodwill.

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Armistice of 11 November 1918

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The armistice signed between the Allies and Germany for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front, it took effect at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of 1918.

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U-boats

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Submarines used by Germany, particularly noted for their roles in the naval blockade and unrestricted submarine warfare which targeted merchant and military ships.

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Central Powers

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The coalition primarily consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria that opposed the Allies.

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No Man's Land

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Territory between rival Trenches, very dangerous due to constant exposure to enemy fire and the threat of charges.

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The Home Front

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The civilian population and activities of a nation whose armed forces are engaged in war abroad, dealing with rationing, industrial production, and propaganda.

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The Schlieffen Plan

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This was the German Army's plan for war against France and Russia. It was created by General Count Alfred von Schlieffen in December 1905 and put into effect at the start of WWI.

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Conscription

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The compulsory enlistment of people into a country's armed forces, also known as the draft, which was widely practiced by nations during WWI.

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Air Warfare

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This form of combat did not play a predominant role in WWI, but marked the first significant use of aircraft in combat, leading to the development of fighter planes and bombers.

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The Balkans

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This region, especially Serbia and Austria-Hungary, was known as the 'powder keg' of Europe and is where the initial conflict that would lead to WWI began.

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Stalemate

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A situation where neither side in the conflict can advance or achieve victory, which characterized much of the trench warfare on the Western Front during WWI.

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Battle of Gallipoli

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An unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe to Russia during World War I, also known as the Dardanelles Campaign.

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Treaty of Versailles

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The most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.

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Tanks in WWI

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First introduced in 1916, they were initially used by the British as a means to break the deadlock of trench warfare.

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Poison Gas

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Introduced by the Germans and later used by all major belligerents, poison gases were primary weapons of warfare that caused injuries and deaths from chemical burns and respiratory damage.

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Propaganda

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Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view. It was widely used throughout WWI to influence public opinion.

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War of Attrition

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A strategy in which one side attempts to wear down its enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and material. The war on the Western Front became a battle of attrition.

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Allies (Entente Powers)

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The primary coalition opposing the Central Powers, originally composed of France, Russia, and Great Britain, and later joined by Italy, the United States, and others.

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The Fourteen Points

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A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I, proposed by US President Woodrow Wilson in 1918.

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