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The Artillery Evolution
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Trebuchet
Middle Ages; Siege warfare, capable of hurling large stones to breach fortifications.
Coastal Artillery
Late 19th to mid-20th century; Positioned along coastlines to prevent naval invasions.
Field Gun
17th century to mid-20th century; Versatile artillery piece designed for mobility and direct fire.
Railway Gun
World War I to World War II; Mounted on railway cars to provide long-range bombardment.
Rocket Artillery
20th century to present; Launches unguided rockets in high volumes, used for saturation bombardment.
Siege Cannon
Middle Ages & Renaissance; Intended to break through fortress walls or castle gates.
Howitzer
17th century to present; Designed for high trajectory fire to hit targets behind cover or fortifications.
Anti-Aircraft Gun
Early 20th century to present; Specifically designed for destroying aircraft.
Atomic Cannon
1950s; Developed during the Cold War to fire nuclear artillery shells.
Recoilless Rifle
World War II to present; Lightweight artillery piece that negates recoil by allowing gases to escape from the rear.
Anti-Tank Gun
World War I to present; Designed to penetrate armored vehicles.
Ballista
Ancient period; Resembles a giant crossbow and was used to shoot large projectiles, such as bolts or stones.
Divisional Artillery
20th century; Integrated into army divisions to provide fire support and suppress enemy defenses.
Stone-Throwing Mangonel
Antiquity to Middle Ages; An early form of catapult used for siege warfare, hurling stones and burning materials.
Cannon
14th century onwards; Revolutionized warfare with its ability to fire metal projectiles over longer distances.
Napoleonic Cannon
Late 18th to early 19th century; Dominated battlefields during the Napoleonic Wars with its improved range and firepower.
Self-Propelled Artillery
World War II to present; Artillery mounted on a vehicle capable of self-deployment and providing mobile fire support.
Mortar
Renaissance to present; Mainly employed for short range indirect fire support.
Catapult
Antiquity to Middle Ages; Used to hurl stones and other missiles over enemy walls or into their formations.
Breech-Loading Cannon
Mid-19th century to present; Utilizes a rear loading mechanism for faster reloading and better gas sealing.
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