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National Party wins general elections; implementation of apartheid policies begins.

Population Registration Act enacted, classifying South African inhabitants into racial groups.

The ANC organizes the Defiance Campaign against unjust apartheid laws.

The Bantu Education Act is passed, controlling the education of black South Africans.

Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act establishes Bantustans or 'homelands'.

The Sharpeville Massacre occurs following a protest against pass laws.

South Africa becomes a republic and leaves the British Commonwealth.

Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and other charges.

The Soweto Uprising begins as black students protest the compulsory use of Afrikaans in schools.

The Tricameral Parliament is established, giving limited political representation to Coloureds and Indians, but excluding Blacks.

President F.W. de Klerk announces the unbanning of the ANC and other anti-apartheid organizations.

Start of the formal negotiations at the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) to end apartheid.

The passing of the Interim Constitution which laid the foundation for a democratic South Africa.

First multiracial general elections; Nelson Mandela becomes the first black president of South Africa.

Enforcement of residential segregation by designating areas where specific racial groups could live.

Event that brought international attention to South Africa's apartheid policies, leading to increased international pressure.

This event signaled an intensification of resistance to apartheid and marked a significant shift in the struggle against the racist regime.

Site of Nelson Mandela's incarceration, symbolizing the struggle against apartheid and resilience of the human spirit.

Body established to uncover the truth about human rights violations during apartheid and to promote healing and forgiveness.