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Apartheid in South Africa
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1948
National Party wins general elections; implementation of apartheid policies begins.
F.W. de Klerk
The last State President of apartheid-era South Africa who played a key role in the transition to democracy.
1960
The Sharpeville Massacre occurs following a protest against pass laws.
1976
The Soweto Uprising begins as black students protest the compulsory use of Afrikaans in schools.
1984
The Tricameral Parliament is established, giving limited political representation to Coloureds and Indians, but excluding Blacks.
1964
Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and other charges.
1952
The ANC organizes the Defiance Campaign against unjust apartheid laws.
1990
President F.W. de Klerk announces the unbanning of the ANC and other anti-apartheid organizations.
1959
Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act establishes Bantustans or 'homelands'.
1991
Start of the formal negotiations at the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) to end apartheid.
1993
The passing of the Interim Constitution which laid the foundation for a democratic South Africa.
1994
First multiracial general elections; Nelson Mandela becomes the first black president of South Africa.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Body established to uncover the truth about human rights violations during apartheid and to promote healing and forgiveness.
1953
The Bantu Education Act is passed, controlling the education of black South Africans.
1950
Population Registration Act enacted, classifying South African inhabitants into racial groups.
Sharpeville Massacre
Event that brought international attention to South Africa's apartheid policies, leading to increased international pressure.
1961
South Africa becomes a republic and leaves the British Commonwealth.
Group Areas Act
Enforcement of residential segregation by designating areas where specific racial groups could live.
Soweto Uprising
This event signaled an intensification of resistance to apartheid and marked a significant shift in the struggle against the racist regime.
Robben Island
Site of Nelson Mandela's incarceration, symbolizing the struggle against apartheid and resilience of the human spirit.
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