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The deterioration of relations between Albania and the Soviet Union, resulting in Albania's shift towards China; 1961.

A nationwide revolt against the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, crushed by the Soviet military; 1956.

The 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union and the United States, for dominance in spaceflight capability; initiated with the Sputnik launch in 1957.

A failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506; 1961.

A war between North Korea with the support of China and the Soviet Union, and South Korea with the support of the United Nations, primarily the USA; 1950-1953.

A non-violent transition of power in Czechoslovakia, marking the fall of communism in that country; 1989.

The American public's reaction to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik, the first artificial Earth satellite; it led to the Space Race; 1957.

An American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II; announced in 1948.$

The last major politico-military European incident of the Cold War about the occupational status of the German capital city, leading to the creation of the Berlin Wall; 1961.

A collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War; established in 1955.

A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union; crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion; 1968.

Conflict involving insurgent groups fighting against the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan; the Soviet Union intervened directly in 1979.

A political upheaval in Poland that saw a decrease in Soviet influence in the Polish government; 1956.

A prolonged conflict between the communist forces of North Vietnam, backed by the Soviet Union and China, and the non-communist forces of South Vietnam, backed by the United States; 1955-1975.

A United States U-2 spy plane was shot down while in Soviet airspace, leading to a diplomatic crisis; 1960.

Two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union on the issue of arms control; SALT I (1969-1972) and SALT II (1979).

The Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control, prompting the Berlin Airlift; 1948-1949.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization—a military alliance of European and North American democracies founded after World War II to strengthen international ties between member states and to serve as a counter-balance to the Warsaw Pact; established in 1949.

A 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba; 1962.