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Significant Environmental Legislation

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Clean Air Act (1970)

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Purpose: To control air pollution on a national level by setting and maintaining air quality standards. Environmental Impact: Improved air quality, reduced acid rain, and decreased emissions of pollutants.

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Water Pollution Control Act (1948)

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Purpose: To reduce pollution in interstate waters and improve the quality of surface water. Environmental Impact: Establishment of waste treatment plants and reduction in water contaminants.

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Endangered Species Act (1973)

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Purpose: To protect critically endangered species from extinction as a consequence of economic growth and development. Environmental Impact: Protection of habitats and recovery of species at risk of extinction.

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Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (1972)

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Purpose: Regulates ocean dumping and provides for the designation and protection of marine sanctuaries. Environmental Impact: Prevention of ocean pollution and protection of marine environments.

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Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976)

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Purpose: To manage hazardous waste from cradle to grave to ensure that waste is managed in a way that protects human health and the environment. Environmental Impact: Reduction in the improper disposal of hazardous waste, protection of groundwater quality.

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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (1980)

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Purpose: Known as CERCLA or Superfund, it was designed to clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances. Environmental Impact: Remediation of areas where hazardous waste has been dumped, spilled, or improperly managed.

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Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)

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Purpose: To regulate the introduction of new or existing chemicals. Environmental Impact: Reduction in the environmental and human health risks from certain toxic chemicals.

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National Environmental Policy Act (1969)

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Purpose: To promote the enhancement of the environment and establish the President’s Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). Environmental Impact: Requires environmental impact statements for major federal actions significantly affecting the environment.

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Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (1947)

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Purpose: To regulate pesticide distribution, sale, and use. Environmental Impact: Reduced environmental contamination from pesticides, promotion of safe pesticide handling practices.

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Clean Water Act (1972)

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Purpose: To establish the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States. Environmental Impact: Improved water quality, reduction in pollutants, and protection of aquatic ecosystems.

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Wilderness Act (1964)

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Purpose: To create a legal definition of wilderness and protect large areas of federal land from development. Environmental Impact: Preservation of natural environments, protection of biodiversity and natural habitats.

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Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)

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Purpose: To ensure the quality of Americans’ drinking water and protect against contaminants that present a risk to human health. Environmental Impact: Provision and maintenance of safe public drinking water supplies.

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Energy Policy Act (1992)

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Purpose: To address energy efficiency, conservation and management, and to promote renewable energy sources. Environmental Impact: Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and promotion of alternative energy use.

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Antarctic Conservation Act (1978)

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Purpose: To provide for the conservation and protection of the Antarctic ecosystems. Environmental Impact: Preservation of the Antarctic environment by regulating waste disposal and prohibiting mineral extraction.

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Atomic Energy Act (1946)

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Purpose: To promote the peaceful use of atomic energy and to regulate the control of atomic materials. Environmental Impact: Generated both the development of nuclear power and the potential for environmental contamination from radioactive waste.

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Migratory Bird Treaty Act (1918)

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Purpose: To implement the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Canada. Environmental Impact: Prohibition on the hunting, killing, trading, or selling of migratory birds has led to the conservation of many species.

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Lacey Act (1900)

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Purpose: To prohibit the trade of illegally obtained wildlife, fish, and plants. Environmental Impact: Addresses illegal poaching and trafficking, contributing to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems.

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Food Quality Protection Act (1996)

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Purpose: To ensure that levels of pesticide residues in food meet strict safety standards. Environmental Impact: Stricter regulation of pesticides benefits both human health and the environment by reducing harmful substances.

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Oil Pollution Act (1990)

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Purpose: To strengthen EPA’s ability to prevent and respond to oil spills. Environmental Impact: Strengthened enforcement with regard to oil spill prevention and cleanup.

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Noise Control Act (1972)

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Purpose: To establish a means for effective coordination of federal research and activities in noise control. Environmental Impact: Advocated for the reduction of noise pollution and its effects on public health and the environment.

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