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The Korean War
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Battle of Osan (July 5, 1950)
Outcome: North Korean victory. Significance: First significant engagement between American and North Korean forces, showcased the initial unpreparedness of U.S. troops.
Inchon Landing (September 15, 1950)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Turned the tide in favor of the UN forces, forcing North Korean retreat and recapture of Seoul.
Battle of Pusan Perimeter (August-September, 1950)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Critical defensive battle that held the last UN stronghold in South Korea, buying time for reinforcements.
First Battle of Seoul (June 25-28, 1950)
Outcome: North Korean victory. Significance: Capture of Seoul established North Korean dominance in the early stages of the war.
Chinese intervention (October 1950)
Outcome: Chinese tactical victory. Significance: Shifted the balance of the war again, causing UN forces to retreat and prolonging the conflict.
Battle of Chosin Reservoir (November-December 1950)
Outcome: Chinese victory. Significance: Major battle during the Chinese intervention that inflicted heavy casualties on UN forces, particularly U.S. Marines.
Second Battle of Seoul (January 1951)
Outcome: Chinese and North Korean victory. Significance: Temporarily recaptured Seoul, indicating the ebb and flow of control over major cities.
Operation Ripper (March 1951)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Regained Seoul for South Korea and stabilized the war front somewhat closer to the 38th parallel.
Battle of Heartbreak Ridge (September-October 1951)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Emblematic of the bloody and protracted nature of hill warfare during the Korean War.
Battle of Old Baldy (June-July 1952)
Outcome: Stalemate. Significance: Illustrates the bloody stalemate nature of the later stages of the war with back-and-forth fighting over strategic hills.
Battle of the Hook (October 1952 and May 1953)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Defended a strategic location against Chinese forces, exemplified the static nature of the war's end phase.
Battle of the Imjin River (April 1951)
Outcome: Chinese victory. Significance: Demonstrated heroic and determined resistance by UN forces, particularly the British 'Glorious Glosters'.
Battle of Pork Chop Hill (April-July 1953)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: One of the last major battles; reflected the devastating combat of trench warfare and negotiations at the truce talks.
Battle of Kapyong (April 1951)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Significant defensive stand by Australian and Canadian forces during the Chinese Spring Offensive; the battle showcased the international character of the UN force.
Battle of Bloody Ridge (August-September 1951)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: The precursor to the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge; characterized by brutal fighting for control of ridge lines.
Third Battle of Seoul (March 1951)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Part of Operation Ripper, it returned temporary control of Seoul to South Korea and showed the resilience of UN forces.
Naval Battle of Incheon (September 1950)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Ensured naval supremacy for the UN forces and was crucial for the success of the amphibious Incheon Landing.
Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River (November 1950)
Outcome: Chinese victory. Significance: This strategic withdrawal by UN forces after the Chinese counterattack further established China as a formidable opponent.
Battle of Hill Eerie (March-June 1952)
Outcome: United Nations victory. Significance: Captured by UN forces, including the French Battalion, it was part of the larger effort to control key terrain.
Korean Armistice Agreement (July 27, 1953)
Outcome: Ceasefire, no formal peace treaty. Significance: Effectively ended hostilities but left the Korean Peninsula divided, setting the stage for ongoing tensions.
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