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Influential Protests of the 20th Century
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Salt March, 1930
Cause: Resistance to British salt monopoly in India, Outcome: Prompted negotiations with the British government for Indian independence.
May 1968 Protests in France
Cause: Discontent with capitalism, consumerism, American imperialism, and traditional institutions, Outcome: Educational reform and development of the French social contract.
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Cause: Call for democracy, freedom of press, freedom of speech, and workers' control in China, Outcome: Brutal suppression, strengthening of government control.
Civil Rights March on Washington, 1963
Cause: Demand for civil and economic rights for African Americans, Outcome: Passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Anti-Apartheid Protests, 1950s-1990s
Cause: Opposition to South Africa's apartheid policies, Outcome: End of apartheid, establishment of multiracial elections in 1994.
Solidarity, 1980+
Cause: Demand for workers' rights and social change in Communist Poland, Outcome: Led to free elections and eventual fall of communism in Poland.
Stonewall Riots, 1969
Cause: Police raid at the Stonewall Inn targeting LGBT community, Outcome: Catalyzed modern LGBT rights movement.
Vietnam War Protests, 1960s-1970s
Cause: Opposition to United States' involvement in the Vietnam War, Outcome: Influenced government policy and public opinion, contributed to the end of the war.
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956
Cause: Arrest of Rosa Parks, racial segregation in public transportation, Outcome: Supreme Court ruling desegregating public transportation.
Prague Spring, 1968
Cause: Demand for political liberalization and reforms in communist Czechoslovakia, Outcome: Invasion by Warsaw Pact troops, suppression of reforms.
Women's Suffrage Parade, 1913
Cause: Campaign for women's right to vote in the United States, Outcome: Increased public awareness and support, eventual ratification of the 19th Amendment.
East German Protests, 1989
Cause: Demand for political freedom and protest against East German government, Outcome: Fall of the Berlin Wall, subsequent reunification of Germany.
Soweto Uprising, 1976
Cause: Protests against the enforcement of teaching Afrikaans in schools, Outcome: International attention to South Africa's apartheid policies, escalation of anti-apartheid struggle.
Bonus Army, 1932
Cause: Demand for early cash redemption of service certificates by World War I veterans, Outcome: Violent dispersal by U.S. Army, later led to GI Bill.
Velvet Revolution, 1989
Cause: Demand for political reform and opposition to communist government in Czechoslovakia, Outcome: Fall of communist government, election of Vaclav Havel as president.
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