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Influential Protests of the 20th Century

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Salt March, 1930

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Cause: Resistance to British salt monopoly in India, Outcome: Prompted negotiations with the British government for Indian independence.

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May 1968 Protests in France

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Cause: Discontent with capitalism, consumerism, American imperialism, and traditional institutions, Outcome: Educational reform and development of the French social contract.

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Tiananmen Square, 1989

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Cause: Call for democracy, freedom of press, freedom of speech, and workers' control in China, Outcome: Brutal suppression, strengthening of government control.

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Civil Rights March on Washington, 1963

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Cause: Demand for civil and economic rights for African Americans, Outcome: Passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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Anti-Apartheid Protests, 1950s-1990s

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Cause: Opposition to South Africa's apartheid policies, Outcome: End of apartheid, establishment of multiracial elections in 1994.

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Solidarity, 1980+

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Cause: Demand for workers' rights and social change in Communist Poland, Outcome: Led to free elections and eventual fall of communism in Poland.

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Stonewall Riots, 1969

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Cause: Police raid at the Stonewall Inn targeting LGBT community, Outcome: Catalyzed modern LGBT rights movement.

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Vietnam War Protests, 1960s-1970s

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Cause: Opposition to United States' involvement in the Vietnam War, Outcome: Influenced government policy and public opinion, contributed to the end of the war.

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Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956

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Cause: Arrest of Rosa Parks, racial segregation in public transportation, Outcome: Supreme Court ruling desegregating public transportation.

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Prague Spring, 1968

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Cause: Demand for political liberalization and reforms in communist Czechoslovakia, Outcome: Invasion by Warsaw Pact troops, suppression of reforms.

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Women's Suffrage Parade, 1913

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Cause: Campaign for women's right to vote in the United States, Outcome: Increased public awareness and support, eventual ratification of the 19th Amendment.

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East German Protests, 1989

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Cause: Demand for political freedom and protest against East German government, Outcome: Fall of the Berlin Wall, subsequent reunification of Germany.

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Soweto Uprising, 1976

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Cause: Protests against the enforcement of teaching Afrikaans in schools, Outcome: International attention to South Africa's apartheid policies, escalation of anti-apartheid struggle.

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Bonus Army, 1932

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Cause: Demand for early cash redemption of service certificates by World War I veterans, Outcome: Violent dispersal by U.S. Army, later led to GI Bill.

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Velvet Revolution, 1989

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Cause: Demand for political reform and opposition to communist government in Czechoslovakia, Outcome: Fall of communist government, election of Vaclav Havel as president.

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