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The overthrow of Tsarist autocracy, leading to the creation of the Soviet Union; 1917

Leader of the Bolsheviks, head of Soviet state from 1917-1924

Soviet leader after Lenin, known for Five-Year Plans and Great Purge; 1924-1953

Campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union; late 1930s

Ideological, economic, and military tension between the Soviet Union and the Western bloc; roughly 1947-1991

Final leader of the Soviet Union, introduced reforms of Perestroika and Glasnost; 1985-1991

First artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union; 1957

Confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over missile deployment in Cuba; 1962

Soviet leader after Stalin, known for De-Stalinization; 1953-1964

Barrier separating East and West Berlin built by the German Democratic Republic (East Germany); 1961-1989

Economic restructuring policy introduced by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union; 1985 onwards

Policy of government transparency and openness in the Soviet Union initiated by Gorbachev; 1980s

Period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia ending with Soviet invasion; 1968

First President of the Russian Federation, a major player in the dissolution of the Soviet Union; 1991-1999

Process of disintegration of the USSR resulting in independent republics; 1991

Soviet Union's main security agency, responsible for state security, intelligence, and secret police; 1954-1991

Nuclear accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukrainian SSR; 1986

Competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for dominance in spaceflight capability; 1955-1972

Competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons; mid-20th century

Policy that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever it deemed necessary; 1968

Military invasion and subsequent decade-long war by Soviet troops in Afghanistan; 1979-1989

Speech by Winston Churchill in 1946 proclaiming the division of Europe by the Soviet's influence

A thawing of Cold War tensions and improved relations between the Soviet Union and the United States during the 1970s

Government agency that administered labor camps in the Soviet Union; peaked during Stalin's rule