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Civil Rights Movements Around the World

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Prague Spring

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Leaders: Alexander Dubček, Ludvík Svoboda; Goals: Liberalization and reforms within the Communist Party, more freedom of speech and press; Achievements: Brief period of freedom and reform before Soviet intervention, inspired future reform movements

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The Global Fair Trade Movement

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Leaders: No singular leaders, involves a network of producers, companies, shoppers, advocates; Goals: Sustainable wages for producers, ethical production practices, reduction of poverty; Achievements: Establishment of Fairtrade labelling, increases in fair trade products available globally

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Arab Spring

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Leaders: Mohamed Bouazizi (trigger), various local leaders; Goals: Economic and political reforms, end of authoritarian regimes; Achievements: Overthrow of governments in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen, reforms in other Arab countries

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The Red Power Movement

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Leaders: Russell Means, Dennis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt; Goals: Native American rights, sovereignty, end of unjust policies; Achievements: Occupation of Alcatraz, Wounded Knee incident, passage of legislation benefiting Native Americans like the Indian Self-Determination Act

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Civil Rights Movement in Australia

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Leaders: Charles Perkins, Shirley Smith, Oodgeroo Noonuccal; Goals: End discrimination against Aboriginal Australians, land rights, equal societal treatment; Achievements: 1967 Referendum, Tent Embassy, progress in land rights movements

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Philippine People Power Revolution

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Leaders: Corazon Aquino, Jaime Sin; Goals: Restoration of democracy, end of Ferdinand Marcos' regime; Achievements: Overthrow of Marcos, restoration of democratic government, 1987 Philippine Constitution

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Women's Suffrage Movement

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Leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Emmeline Pankhurst, Millicent Fawcett; Goals: Obtain women's right to vote, gender equality in political participation; Achievements: Women's right to vote acknowledged in various countries in the early 20th century

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Chinese Democracy Movement

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Leaders: Wei Jingsheng, Wang Dan, Liu Xiaobo; Goals: Political reform, end of one-party rule, establishment of democratic procedures; Achievements: 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, raising international awareness

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Occupy Wall Street Movement

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Leaders: No formal leaders, a horizontally organized movement; Goals: Reduce wealth inequality, end corporate influence of government, improve economic fairness; Achievements: Popularized the term 'the 99% vs. the 1%', influenced public debate on economic inequality

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Iranian Green Movement

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Leaders: Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Mehdi Karroubi, Zahra Rahnavard; Goals: Political freedom, annul questionable election results, promote democracy; Achievements: Raised global awareness, challenged the legitimacy of the election results

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Solidarity Movement in Poland

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Leaders: Lech Wałęsa, Tadeusz Mazowiecki; Goals: Workers' rights, social reform, opposition to Communist regime; Achievements: Recognition as a trade union, contributed to fall of communism in Poland, Lech Wałęsa presidency

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Stonewall Riots and LGBTQ+ Rights Movement

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Leaders: Marsha P. Johnson, Sylvia Rivera, Harvey Milk; Goals: End discrimination against LGBTQ+ community, legal equality; Achievements: Decriminalization of homosexuality, marriage equality in many countries, increased visibility and acceptance

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African-American Women's Suffrage Movement

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Leaders: Sojourner Truth, Ida B. Wells, Mary Church Terrell; Goals: Secure the right to vote for African American women, challenge both gender and racial discrimination; Achievements: Participation in nationwide suffrage and later civil rights activities

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Black Lives Matter Movement

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Leaders: Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi; Goals: Address systemic racism and violence against black individuals, police reform, end racial profiling; Achievements: Global awareness and activism, policy proposals for criminal justice reform

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Selma to Montgomery Marches

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Leaders: Martin Luther King Jr., John Lewis, Hosea Williams; Goals: Protest voting rights suppression, achieve federal voting rights legislation; Achievements: Voting Rights Act of 1965, marked 'Bloody Sunday' as a turning point

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The Suffragette Movement in the United Kingdom

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Leaders: Emmeline Pankhurst, Christabel Pankhurst, Millicent Fawcett; Goals: Women's right to vote, gender equality in lawmaking; Achievements: Representation of the People Act of 1918 and 1928, which enfranchised women over 30 and later all women over the age of 21

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American Civil Rights Movement

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Leaders: Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X; Goals: End racial segregation and discrimination, achieve legal recognition and federal protection of citizenship rights; Achievements: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Fair Housing Act of 1968

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Disability Rights Movement

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Leaders: Ed Roberts, Judy Heumann, Justin Dart Jr.; Goals: Equal opportunities, anti-discrimination legislation, accessibility in infrastructure; Achievements: American with Disabilities Act (ADA), Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act

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Chicano Movement

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Leaders: Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, Reies López Tijerina; Goals: Civil rights for Mexican Americans, labor rights for farmworkers, education reform; Achievements: Formation of United Farm Workers, increased political representation, improved conditions for farmworkers

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Environmental Movement

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Leaders: Rachel Carson, Greta Thunberg, Wangari Maathai; Goals: Promote sustainable development, protect natural resources, combat climate change; Achievements: Paris Agreement, establishment of Earth Day, policy changes on national and global levels

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Velvet Revolution

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Leaders: Václav Havel, Alexander Dubček, Civic Forum movement; Goals: Nonviolent transition of power, end of single-party government in Czechoslovakia; Achievements: Fall of communism in Czechoslovakia, free elections, split into Czech Republic and Slovakia

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Indian Independence Movement

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Leaders: Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel; Goals: Indian independence from British rule, unite diverse religious and ethnic groups; Achievements: India's independence in 1947, Non-Aligned Movement inception

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South African Anti-Apartheid Movement

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Leaders: Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Walter Sisulu; Goals: Dismantle apartheid, obtain political rights for Black South Africans, end racial segregation; Achievements: 1994 democratic elections, end of apartheid policies, Nelson Mandela presidency

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The Anti-Nuclear Movement

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Leaders: Helen Caldicott, Randall Forsberg, Linus Pauling; Goals: Nuclear disarmament, opposition to nuclear power, stop nuclear weapons testing; Achievements: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Partial Test Ban Treaty, influencing public opinion and policy

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The Civil Rights Movement in Northern Ireland

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Leaders: John Hume, Ivan Cooper, Bernadette Devlin; Goals: End discrimination against Catholics, one person one vote, fair allocation of housing; Achievements: Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, Sunningdale Agreement, peace process leading to Good Friday Agreement

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