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Significant Treaties and Agreements
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Treaty of Versailles
Signatories: Allied Powers and Germany, Main Terms: German disarmament, territorial losses, and reparations, Historical Significance: Ended World War I and set the stage for World War II.
North Atlantic Treaty (NATO Agreement)
Signatories: United States, Canada, and 10 Western European nations, Main Terms: Collective defense against aggression, Historical Significance: Central to Cold War diplomacy and still influential in global defense.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Signatories: Spain and Portugal, Main Terms: Division of the New World between the two countries, Historical Significance: Influenced colonial patterns and modern state boundaries in the Americas.
Camp David Accords
Signatories: Egypt and Israel, Main Terms: Framework for peace between Egypt and Israel, leading to Israel's withdrawal from Sinai, Historical Significance: First peace agreement between Israel and an Arab country.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Signatories: United States and Mexico, Main Terms: Mexico ceded territories including California and New Mexico to the U.S., Historical Significance: Pivotal in the expansion of the United States and the end of the Mexican-American War.
The Good Friday Agreement
Signatories: British and Irish governments, Northern Ireland political parties, Main Terms: Establishment of devolved government in Northern Ireland, Historical Significance: Ended most of the violence of the Troubles.
Treaty of Westphalia
Signatories: Various European states, Main Terms: Sovereignty of states and non-interference, Historical Significance: Marked the end of the Thirty Years' War and laid foundations for international law.
Treaty of Waitangi
Signatories: British Crown and Maori chiefs of New Zealand, Main Terms: Gave the British Crown sovereignty over New Zealand, Historical Significance: Foundational document for New Zealand, has led to ongoing land and sovereignty issues.
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
Signatories: Allied Powers and Axis powers (Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Finland), Main Terms: Redefinition of national boundaries and reparations, Historical Significance: Redrew the map of Europe post-World War II.
SALT I Treaty
Signatories: United States and Soviet Union, Main Terms: Limitation of strategic ballistic missile launchers and anti-ballistic missile systems, Historical Significance: First series of treaties to halt the arms race during the Cold War.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Signatories: Initially France and the United States, later joined by most other nations, Main Terms: Outlawed war as a means to solve international disputes, Historical Significance: Idealistic attempt to prevent wars though ultimately ineffective.
Treaty of Nanking
Signatories: British Empire and Qing dynasty of China, Main Terms: Cession of Hong Kong to Britain, opening of additional ports for trade, Historical Significance: First of the unequal treaties and end of the First Opium War.
Treaty of Rome
Signatories: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany, Main Terms: Established the European Economic Community, Historical Significance: Paved the way for the development of the European Union.
Peace of Augsburg
Signatories: Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, Main Terms: Legal recognition of Lutheranism in Germany, Historical Significance: Early milestone in religious tolerance during the Reformation.
Oslo Accords
Signatories: Israel and Palestine Liberation Organization, Main Terms: Framework for the future relations between Israel and the emerging Palestinian self-government, Historical Significance: First face-to-face agreement between Israel and the PLO.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Signatories: Bolshevik Russia and the Central Powers of World War I, Main Terms: Russia surrendered significant territories and marked its exit from WW I, Historical Significance: Allowed Germany to focus on the Western front and influenced future Soviet foreign relations.
Treaty of Trianon
Signatories: Allied Powers and Hungary, Main Terms: Defined Hungary's borders, reduced territory, imposed reparations, Historical Significance: Redefined the country's structure post World War I, substantial loss of Hungarian population and land.
Treaty of Portsmouth
Signatories: Imperial Russia and Japan, Main Terms: Ended the Russo-Japanese War, Japan gained control of ports and territories, Historical Significance: First diplomatic defeat of a European power by an Asian nation in the modern era.
Dayton Agreement
Signatories: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia, Main Terms: Provided peace in Bosnia and created the framework for the current political system, Historical Significance: Ended the Bosnian War and set the stage for reconstruction.
Gadsden Purchase Treaty
Signatories: United States and Mexico, Main Terms: United States purchased territory in present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, Historical Significance: Enabled U.S. expansion and completion of a southern transcontinental railroad route.
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