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Participants: Normans vs. English, Outcome: Norman Victory, Historical Significance: Beginning of Norman conquest of England

Participants: Greek City-states vs. Persian Empire, Outcome: Persian Victory, Historical Significance: Showcased the valor of the Spartans, delaying Persian advance

Participants: Union vs. Confederate, Outcome: Union Victory, Historical Significance: Turning point in the American Civil War

Participants: United States vs. Japan, Outcome: American Victory, Historical Significance: Turning point in the Pacific Theater during World War II

Participants: Axis vs. Soviet Union, Outcome: Soviet Victory, Historical Significance: Turning point on the Eastern Front in World War II

Participants: French Empire vs. Seventh Coalition, Outcome: Coalition Victory, Historical Significance: Marked the end of Napoleon Bonaparte's rule as Emperor of the French

Participants: United States and Allies vs. Nazi Germany, Outcome: Allied Victory, Historical Significance: Depleted German forces on the Western Front

Participants: British Royal Navy vs. Combined French and Spanish Navies, Outcome: British Victory, Historical Significance: Ensured British naval dominance for over a century

Participants: French vs. English, Outcome: French Victory, Historical Significance: Marked a turning point in the Hundred Years' War and the rise of Joan of Arc

Participants: American and French vs. British, Outcome: Franco-American Victory, Historical Significance: Ended hostilities in the American Revolutionary War

Participants: American vs. British and allies, Outcome: American Victory, Historical Significance: Decisive victory gained French support for the American cause

Participants: Soviet Union vs. Nazi Germany, Outcome: Soviet Victory, Historical Significance: Largest tank battle in history; halted the German offensive strategy in the east

Participants: Athenians and Plataeans vs. Persians, Outcome: Greek Victory, Historical Significance: Demonstrated the effectiveness of the hoplite phalanx and boosted Athenian morale

Participants: Carthage vs. Roman Republic, Outcome: Carthaginian Victory, Historical Significance: One of the greatest tactical feats in military history, massive Roman losses

Participants: Romans vs. Carthaginians, Outcome: Roman Victory, Historical Significance: Ended the Second Punic War, marked the ascendancy of Rome in the ancient world

Participants: Union vs. Confederate, Outcome: Tactical Draw, Strategic Union Victory, Historical Significance: Bloodiest single-day battle in American history; Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation thereafter

Participants: Octavian's forces vs. Mark Antony and Cleopatra, Outcome: Octavian Victory, Historical Significance: Led to the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire

Participants: French Empire vs. Russian Empire and Austria, Outcome: French Victory, Historical Significance: Tactically brilliant for Napoleon; led to the Treaty of Pressburg and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

Participants: France vs. Germany, Outcome: French Victory, Historical Significance: Longest battle of World War I; symbol of French determination and one of the bloodiest battles in human history

Participants: Holy League vs. Ottoman Empire, Outcome: Holy League Victory, Historical Significance: Decisive victory against Ottoman naval power; reduced the threat of Ottoman control over the Mediterranean

Participants: Macedonian Empire vs. Persian Empire, Outcome: Macedonian Victory, Historical Significance: Alexander the Great's most decisive victory against Persia, lead to the downfall of the Achaemenid Empire

Participants: Coalition forces vs. French Empire, Outcome: Coalition Victory, Historical Significance: Largest battle in Europe prior to World War I, led to Napoleon's exile to Elba

Participants: Scots vs. English, Outcome: Scottish Victory, Historical Significance: Major victory in the First War of Scottish Independence

Participants: English vs. French, Outcome: English Victory, Historical Significance: Demonstrated the effectiveness of the longbow; significant French nobility lost

Participants: Lancastrians vs. Yorkists, Outcome: Lancastrian Victory, Historical Significance: Ended the Wars of the Roses; began the Tudor dynasty with Henry VII

Participants: Frankish and Burgundian forces vs. Umayyad Caliphate, Outcome: Frankish Victory, Historical Significance: Stopped the northward advance of Islam from the Iberian peninsula into Western Europe

Participants: Byzantine Empire vs. Seljuk Turks, Outcome: Seljuk Victory, Historical Significance: Pivotal in the decline of the Byzantine Empire, opened Anatolia to Turkish settlement

Participants: Eastern Army vs. Western Army, Outcome: Eastern Army Victory, Historical Significance: Unified Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate, beginning the Edo period

Participants: Allies vs. Axis (primarily Germany), Outcome: Allied Victory, Historical Significance: Longest continuous military campaign in World War II, crucial for securing the transport of supplies to Britain