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Epic Poems and Their Societal Impact

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The Iliad

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Author: Homer, Origin: Ancient Greece, Significance: Depicts the significant events of the final weeks of the Trojan War and its influence on Greek culture and literature.

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The Odyssey

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Author: Homer, Origin: Ancient Greece, Significance: Chronicles the adventures of Odysseus as he returns home from the Trojan War, exemplifying Greek values and the concept of heroism.

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Beowulf

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Author: Unknown, Origin: Anglo-Saxon England, Significance: One of the oldest surviving epic poems in Old English, important for the study of Anglo-Saxon culture.

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The Divine Comedy

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Author: Dante Alighieri, Origin: Italy, Significance: A landmark in Italian literature that explores the realms of the afterlife in Christianity, greatly influencing Western art and thought.

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Paradise Lost

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Author: John Milton, Origin: 17th-century England, Significance: Illustrates the biblical story of the Fall of Man, questioning the nature of good and evil, and has a profound influence on Christian theology.

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Mahabharata

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Author: Vyasa, Origin: Ancient India, Significance: One of the largest epic tales ever written, showcasing principles of duty, morality, and virtue in Hindu culture.

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Ramayana

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Author: Valmiki, Origin: Ancient India, Significance: A foundational epic in Indian literature that narrates the life of Rama, emphasizing Dharma and the values of loyalty, bravery, and devotion.

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Epic of Gilgamesh

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Author: Unknown, Origin: Ancient Mesopotamia, Significance: Among the earliest known works of literary fiction that explores themes of friendship, the pursuit of immortality, and human condition.

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Aeneid

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Author: Virgil, Origin: Ancient Rome, Significance: Commissioned by Augustus, this epic serves as a propagandistic celebration of Rome's origins and an allegory of Roman society.

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Shahnameh

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Author: Ferdowsi, Origin: Persia, Significance: A national epic important in preserving the Persian language and cultural identity after the Arab conquest of Persia.

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Song of Roland

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Author: Unknown, Origin: Medieval France, Significance: Reflects on the values of chivalry and the heroism of Christian knights during the times of Charlemagne.

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Kalevala

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Author: Compiled by Elias Lönnrot, Origin: Finland, Significance: A compilation of Finnish and Karelian folklore that played a key role in the development of Finnish national identity.

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The Song of the Nibelungs

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Author: Unknown, Origin: Medieval Germany, Significance: A heroic epic that has influenced German culture and is considered a counterpart to the Scandinavian sagas.

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The Lusiads

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Author: Luís de Camões, Origin: Portugal, Significance: Celebrates Portuguese voyages of discovery and reflects on the rise of Portugal as a global power during the Age of Discoveries.

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Popol Vuh

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Author: Unknown, Origin: Maya Civilization, Significance: An epic containing the mythology and history of the K'iche' people, crucial for understanding Mesoamerican cosmology and culture.

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