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Tabula rasa, social contract, empiricism, Age of Enlightenment

Pessimism, the will to live, aesthetic contemplation, 19th Century

Advocacy of freedom of speech, religious tolerance, criticism of church and state, Enlightenment Era

Father of existentialism, subjectivity is truth, Leap of Faith, 19th Century

Socratic method, virtuous knowledge, ethical living, Classical Greece Era

Theory of Forms, The Academy, importance of the philosopher king, Classical Greece Era

Marxism, critique of capitalism, class struggle, 19th Century

Existentialism, Being and Nothingness, philosophy of freedom, 20th Century

Banality of evil, vita activa vs. vita contemplativa, 20th Century

Ontology, phenomenology, existence precedes essence, 20th Century

Christian Neoplatonism, Original Sin, just war theory, Late Antiquity

Empiricism, virtue ethics, Golden Mean, Classical Greece Era

Deontological ethics, Critique of Pure Reason, categorical imperative, Enlightenment Era

Language games, picture theory of language, logical positivism, 20th Century

Classical economics, division of labor, invisible hand, 18th Century

Phenomenology, epoche, intentionality, Early 20th Century

Daoism, concept of Wu Wei (effortless action), natural order, Eastern Zhou dynasty

Hegelianism, dialectic process, absolute idealism, Early 19th Century

Pantheism, ethical living through understanding of the universe, 17th Century

Power/knowledge, discourse analysis, social institutions, Late 20th Century

Utilitarianism, harm principle, On Liberty, 19th Century

Synthesis of Aristotelianism and Christianity, Natural Law, Summa Theologica, High Medieval Period

Pascal's Wager, work in probability theory, Jansenism, 17th Century

Philosophy of history, absolute idealism, master-slave dialectic, Early 19th Century

Critique of traditional morals, Übermensch, will to power, Late 19th Century

Empiricism, skepticism, naturalism, Enlightenment Era

The Analects, importance of rituals, filial piety, Spring and Autumn period of China

Social contract, natural human goodness, direct democracy, Enlightenment Era

Cartesian Dualism, Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore I am), Scientific Revolution Era

Aristotelianism, Islamic philosophy, medicine, 10th - 11th Century

Feminist existentialism, ethics of ambiguity, 20th Century

Analytic philosophy, logicism, philosophy of language, 20th Century

Monadology, pre-established harmony, calculus, Late 17th - Early 18th Century