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Region: China, Time Period: 1368–1644 CE, Reasons for Its Decline: Peasant rebellions, Manchu invasion, weakened government

Region: Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, Time Period: c. 1299–1922, Reasons for Its Decline: Military defeats, economic strain, nationalist movements

Region: Mediterranean Basin and much of Europe, Time Period: 27 BCE–476 CE, Reasons for Its Decline: Economic troubles, military overreach, internal strife

Region: China, Time Period: 206 BCE–220 CE, Reasons for Its Decline: Corruption, eunuch control, peasant rebellions

Region: Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Time Period: 661–750, Reasons for Its Decline: Abbasid Revolution, internal family disputes, non-Arab dissatisfaction

Region: Middle East, North Africa, Time Period: 750–1258, Reasons for Its Decline: Mongol invasion, internal fragmentation, military decline

Region: Mesoamerica, Time Period: 1345–1521, Reasons for Its Decline: Spanish conquest, diseases, alliances with rival states

Region: Global, Time Period: 16th century–20th century, Reasons for Its Decline: Nationalist movements, costly world wars, changing global economics

Region: Indian subcontinent, Time Period: 1526–1857, Reasons for Its Decline: Maratha Empire, British colonization, internal dissension

Region: China, Time Period: 1644–1912, Reasons for Its Decline: Opium Wars, Boxer Rebellion, Xinhai Revolution

Region: Greece, Time Period: c. 1100–750 BCE, Reasons for Its Decline: Dorian invasion, collapse of Mycenaean palatial civilization, loss of writing systems

Region: Egypt, Time Period: c. 1550–1070 BCE, Reasons for Its Decline: Invasions by Sea Peoples, internal strife, economic difficulties

Region: China, Time Period: 960–1279, Reasons for Its Decline: Mongol conquests, fiscal mismanagement, military weakness

Region: Global, with a focus in North America and Africa, Time Period: 1804–1815 during Napoleon's reign, Reasons for Its Decline: Coalition wars, invasion of Russia, Battle of Waterloo

Region: Mesopotamia, Time Period: c. 911–609 BCE, Reasons for Its Decline: Civil war, combined assaults by Medes, Babylonians, and others, overextension

Region: Greater Iran, Time Period: c. 550–330 BCE, Reasons for Its Decline: Alexander the Great's conquests, satrap revolts, administrative difficulties

Region: Eastern Mediterranean, Time Period: 330–1453, Reasons for Its Decline: Ottoman conquest, Fourth Crusade, economic decline

Region: China, Time Period: 618–907, Reasons for Its Decline: An Lushan Rebellion, government corruption, regional warlordism

Region: Balkans, Asia Minor, Egypt, Persia, and to the borders of India, Time Period: 334–323 BCE, Reasons for Its Decline: Death of Alexander the Great, Partition of Babylon, wars of the Diadochi

Region: Western and Central Europe, Time Period: 800–888, Reasons for Its Decline: Treaty of Verdun, Viking invasions, internal division

Region: Anatolia and Syria, Time Period: c. 1600–1178 BCE, Reasons for Its Decline: Bronze Age Collapse, invasion/raids, internal strife

Region: Central Europe, Time Period: 962–1806, Reasons for Its Decline: Napoleonic wars, rise of nation-states, internal conflicts

Region: Indian subcontinent, Time Period: c. 322–185 BCE, Reasons for Its Decline: Death of Ashoka, succession crisis, regional power struggles

Region: Persia, Time Period: 224–651, Reasons for Its Decline: Byzantine conflicts, economic hardship, Arab Muslim conquests