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Weapons That Changed Warfare

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Atlatl

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Upper Paleolithic period - Allowed for greater range and force in spear-throwing

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Longbow

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Medieval period - Revolutionized infantry battles by outranging the crossbow

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Crossbow

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Medieval period - Allowed for greater penetration of armor and required less training than traditional bows

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Greek Fire

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Byzantine period - Provided a naval and siege advantage through incendiary characteristics

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Trebuchet

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Medieval period - Allowed for the hurling of large projectiles during sieges with greater accuracy and force

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Musket

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Early Modern period - Increased range and firepower over earlier handheld firearms

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Cannon

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Medieval to Modern period - Changed siege warfare by breaking through fortifications previously thought impregnable

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Bayonet

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Early Modern period - Allowed musketeers to defend against cavalry and engage in close combat

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Machine Gun

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Industrial period to Modern period - Dramatically increased the rate of fire and lethality on the battlefield

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Rifle

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18th Century to Modern period - Greater accuracy and range than earlier smoothbore muskets

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Submarine

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20th Century to Modern period - Changed naval warfare with undersea capabilities and stealth attacks

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Tank

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20th Century to Modern period - Changed land warfare with its armor, mobility, and firepower

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Atomic Bomb

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Modern period - Introduces nuclear warfare, with unmatched destructive capabilities

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Jet Fighter

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Modern period - Offers superior speed and altitude capabilities over propeller-driven aircraft

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Mortar

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Medieval period to Modern period - Provides indirect fire support for infantry

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Torpedo

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19th Century to Modern period - Transformed naval warfare with the capability to sink large ships stealthily

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Rocket-Propelled Grenade (RPG)

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20th Century to Modern period - Provided infantry with the ability to engage heavily armored vehicles

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Guided Missile

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20th Century to Modern period - Allows for precision targeting over long distances

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Assault Rifle

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20th Century to Modern period - Became the standard infantry weapon combining the firepower of a machine gun with the range and accuracy of a rifle

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Flamethrower

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20th Century - Provides a psychological and physical weapon against personnel and fortifications

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Battleship

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19th Century to Mid-20th Century - Dominated the sea with its powerful guns and armor

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Dreadnought

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Early 20th Century - Revolutionized naval power with its 'all-big-gun' armament and steam turbine propulsion

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Ballista

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Ancient period - Early form of artillery used for launching large arrows or bolts

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Chariot

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Bronze Age to Iron Age - Provided a mobile platform for archers and also charged infantry lines

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Siege Tower

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Ancient period - Allowed for assaulting the walls of fortifications directly

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Catapult

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Ancient to Medieval period - Used for besieging walls and casting projectiles at the enemy

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War Elephant

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Antiquity to Middle Ages - Served as tanks of the ancient battlefield with psychological impact

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Pike

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Renaissance period - Gave infantry formations resilience against cavalry charges

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Repeating Rifle

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19th Century - Allowed for a significant increase in firing rate over single-shot rifles

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Breech-Loading Rifle

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19th Century - Improved the rate of fire and ease of loading over muzzle-loading rifles

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