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Financial Negotiation Terms

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BATNA

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Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement. It's the most advantageous alternative course of action a party can take if no deal is reached.

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ZOPA

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Zone of Possible Agreement. It's the range or area in which an agreement is satisfactory to both parties involved in the negotiation process.

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Reservation Price

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The least favorable point at which one will accept a deal. For the seller, it's the lowest amount they would accept; for the buyer, the most they are willing to pay.

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Win-Win Negotiation

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A negotiation where all parties involved gain something of value, making the outcome beneficial for everyone.

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Anchoring

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The practice of setting an initial offer that the other party will use as a reference point. It serves as a benchmark for negotiations.

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Deadlock

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A situation where no progress can be made in negotiations, often due to a failure to reach a compromise or an impasse.

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Due Diligence

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A comprehensive appraisal of a business undertaken by a prospective buyer, especially to establish its assets and liabilities and evaluate its commercial potential.

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Good Faith Negotiation

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A process where both parties engage in honest, fair, and open discussions with a sincere intent to work toward a mutually agreeable solution.

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Earnest Money

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A deposit made to a seller showing the buyer's good faith in a transaction. Often used in real estate transactions to show serious intent to complete the purchase.

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Leverage

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Using something to maximum advantage in negotiations, often the ability to influence the other party because of something you hold over them, like competitive advantages or negotiation power.

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Concession

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Something given up or agreed to in negotiating. Often used as a compromise to reach an agreement when both parties bring down their demands.

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Counteroffer

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An offer given in response to another offer that has not been accepted, with the intention of reaching a compromise that is acceptable to both parties.

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Hardball Tactics

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Aggressive negotiation strategies that pressurize the opposing party to accept a position. Tactics are often high-pressure, with little compromise.

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Interest-Based Negotiation

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Focuses on the underlying reasons why people want what they do in a negotiation rather than the specific demands they make.

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Negotiation Impasse

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A deadlock or stalemate in which the parties in a negotiation are unable to move forward and reach a resolution.

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Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)

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A legally binding contract between parties to keep certain information confidential, often signed before negotiations commence to protect sensitive information.

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Package Deal

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An agreement in which multiple items are negotiated together, rather than individually, often allowing for trade-offs and concessions to facilitate an agreement.

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Rapport

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The relationship of mutual understanding or trust and agreement between people. It's often built over time and can enhance negotiations.

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Stonewalling

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The refusal to communicate or express emotions or thoughts, effectively blocking any further negotiation or progress.

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Walk-Away Price

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The maximum (for a buyer) or minimum (for a seller) price that a party is willing to accept or pay in a negotiation before withdrawing from the process.

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Win-Lose Negotiation

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A competitive negotiation strategy focused on one party winning and the other losing, often resulting in one party's gain being the other's loss.

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Value Creation

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The process of improving a negotiation outcome by identifying opportunities that make the 'pie' larger, rather than simply dividing existing resources.

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