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Criminal Court Structure
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U.S. Supreme Court
Highest appellate court, reviews decisions of lower courts, has original jurisdiction in certain cases.
U.S. Courts of Appeals
Intermediate appellate courts, review decisions of federal district courts, no original jurisdiction.
U.S. District Courts
Trial courts of the federal system, handle civil and criminal cases within their respective jurisdictions.
State Supreme Courts
Highest appellate court within a state, handles appeals from lower state courts.
State Intermediate Appellate Courts
Handles appeals from trial courts within the state before potentially reaching the state's supreme court.
State Trial Courts
Handles initial litigation for civil and criminal cases within the state, often divided by jurisdiction or case type.
Juvenile Courts
Specialized courts dealing with cases involving minors, including criminal offenses and delinquency.
Family Courts
Focus on issues relating to family law, such as divorce, child custody, and domestic violence cases.
Drug Courts
Special courts designed to handle cases involving drug-using offenders through comprehensive supervision and drug treatment programs.
Traffic Courts
Handle cases involving traffic infractions, violations, and sometimes misdemeanors.
Small Claims Courts
Deal with minor civil disputes involving small amounts of money, usually without representation by attorneys.
Probate Courts
Handle cases related to estates, wills, trusts, guardianships, and conservatorships after someone dies.
Bankruptcy Courts
Federal courts that handle all cases of bankruptcy.
Municipal Courts
Local courts that handle violations of municipal ordinances, minor criminal offenses, and sometimes administrative actions.
Tribal Courts
Courts established by Native American tribes, exercise limited jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters on tribal lands.
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