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The study and comparison of fingerprints from a crime scene to identify potential suspects. It is significant as it can provide a strong link between a suspect and a crime scene.

A medical field that determines the cause of death by examining a corpse, which is crucial in homicide investigations.

The study and analysis of blood, semen, saliva, and other body fluids. Significantly aids in identifying individuals and establishing connections between suspects, victims, and crime scenes.

The study of the effects of chemicals, drugs, and poisons on the human body, which is significant for detecting substance abuse or poisoning in criminal cases.

Small materials transferred during the commission of a crime, like hair, fibers, or soil, which can connect a suspect to a crime scene or victim.

The application of studying insects to help solve criminal cases, often to estimate the time since death. It's significant for uncovering the timeline of a crime.

A concept that states every contact leaves a trace, meaning when two objects come into contact there is an exchange of material. It underpins the use of trace evidence in criminal investigations.

A technique used to identify individuals by their unique DNA patterns. It's a significant tool in criminal investigations for establishing a person's identity or biological relationships.

The analysis of bullets and gunshot residues to determine the type of firearm used, its potential firing distance, and the shooter's location. It's essential in solving gun-related crimes.

The intersection of psychology and the legal system, involving assessments of criminal behavior, competency to stand trial, and profiting criminal profiles. It's vital for understanding the mind of a suspect or victim.

The recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, significant in crimes involving digital evidence like cybercrime, fraud, and child exploitation.

Examination of the shape, size, and distribution of blood droplets at a crime scene, which can assist in reconstructing events leading to bloodshed.

Analysis of documents for authenticity, alterations, forgeries, or authorship. Significant for solving cases involving fraud or counterfeit documents.

Study of human skeletal remains to determine the age, sex, race, and stature of the deceased, which is valuable in identifying unknown remains in criminal cases.

The study of dental records and bite marks to identify individuals or match bite marks to a suspect, which can be pivotal in violent crime investigations.

The application of linguistic knowledge to understand and interpret legal texts and communications, which can help identify authorship or reveal coercion or plagiarism.

The use of accounting skills to investigate fraud or embezzlement and to analyze financial records for use in legal proceedings.

The study of the post-mortem changes to human remains, encompassing biochemical and morphological changes, which is useful in determining the time since death and post-mortem events.

A chemical test that detects the presence of blood at a crime scene by producing a blue luminescence, important for finding blood evidence not visible to the naked eye.

The use of plant science in criminal investigations, examining plant remains to help understand a crime scene's environmental conditions and timing, which can provide evidence about the crime's seasonality and location.

The examination of fire-damaged scenes to determine the cause and origin of fires, which is important for identifying cases of criminal arson.

The process of constructing a psychological, behavioral, and demographic profile of the type of person likely to have committed a crime, which aids investigators in narrowing down the suspect list.

DNA testing of mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to child, used when samples are small or degraded, like in mass disasters. Crucial for identifying remains when nuclear DNA is not available.

The documented and unbroken transfer of evidence from the crime scene to the courtroom. It ensures the integrity and admissibility of evidence in court.