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An alternative to incarceration allowing the offender to live in the community under supervision with certain conditions; may include fines, restitution, or community service.

The legal process for sentencing individuals under 18; often focuses on rehabilitation and considers factors such as age, maturity, and potential for reform.

Factors that can lead to a stiffer sentence, such as a criminal history, use of a weapon, and the crime's brutality.

Statements made by victims or their loved ones during the sentencing phase of a trial to inform the judge of the crime's emotional and financial impact.

Accounting for the defendant's mental health when determining an appropriate sentence to ensure fair treatment and the possibility of treatment.

A sentence that condemns a convicted felon to life in prison without the possibility of parole, reserved for the most serious crimes.

A court proceeding where the consequences of the crime are determined; includes testimony from the prosecution and defense, victim statements, and consideration of aggravating or mitigating factors.

Sentencing with a standard range established by law for a particular crime; judges may adjust sentences based on mitigating or aggravating factors.

Also known as the death penalty, this is the most severe form of punishment reserved for the most heinous crimes and influenced by state laws and the federal legal system.

Circumstances that can lead to a reduced sentence, such as a lack of prior criminal record, acting under duress, or showing remorse.

Non-binding frameworks provided to judges to create a uniform sentencing policy for individuals who have been convicted; consider the nature of the crime and the defendant's criminal history.

Specialized court programs that target criminal defendants and offenders, juvenile offenders, and parents with pending child welfare cases who have alcohol and other drug dependency problems.

A sentencing principle focused on repairing harm through reconciliation with victims and community; considers rehabilitation and reintegration.

Includes non-traditional punishments such as community service or drug treatment programs; aims to serve the best interest of the offender and the community.

Guidelines used by federal judges to determine the appropriate sentence for defendants convicted of crimes under federal law, taking into account the crime's severity and the defendant's criminal history.

When an individual has been convicted of multiple crimes, concurrent sentences allow them to serve all sentences at the same time.

Sentences which the judge must impose according to the law without discretion; influenced by the severity of the crime and statutory requirements.

Sentences for multiple crimes that are served one after the other; lengthens the time spent in incarceration.

An agreement in which an accused pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a reduced sentence or the dropping of other charges.

Efforts and legislative changes aimed at rectifying injustices in sentencing laws, such as the elimination of mandatory minimum sentences or changes to the three strikes rule.

Sentences with a range (e.g., 5 to 10 years); the actual time served is influenced by factors such as behavior and rehabilitation while incarcerated.

Conditional release of a prisoner before the full sentence is served; dependent on factors like behavior, rehabilitation efforts, and parole board decisions.

Legislation that increases the prison sentences of persons convicted of a felony who have been previously convicted of two or more violent crimes or serious felonies.

Reduced sentence time as a reward for good behavior, which can include obeying prison rules and participating in rehabilitation programs.