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White-Collar Crime
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Flashcards
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Identity Theft
The deliberate use of someone else's identity, typically to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit and other benefits. Example: Using someone else's social security number to open a credit account.
Health Care Fraud
False claims or deliberate actions by an individual or company in the health care industry. Example: Billing for services not rendered or upcoding services.
Ponzi Schemes
A form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Example: Bernie Madoff's infamous Ponzi scheme.
Mortgage Fraud
A crime characterized by some type of material misstatement, misrepresentation, or omission relating to a mortgage loan. Example: Providing false information on a loan application.
Money Laundering
The process of legitimizing large amounts of money obtained from illegal activities by funneling it through legitimate businesses or accounts. Example: Using a cash-oriented business to mix illegal funds with legal revenues.
Fraud
Deception intended to result in financial or personal gain. Example: Insurance fraud, where someone falsifies an accident to receive payment.
Credit Card Fraud
The unauthorized use of a credit or debit card to fraudulently obtain money or property. Example: Skimming card details and making unauthorized purchases.
Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML)
The process of disguising the proceeds of crime and moving value through the use of trade transactions. Example: Over-invoicing goods to justify the transfer of larger sums of money.
Embezzlement
The fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your care but actually owned by someone else. Example: A cashier taking money from the register.
Securities Fraud
A type of serious white-collar crime that can be committed in many forms but primarily involves misrepresenting information investors use to make decisions. Example: The Ponzi scheme where returns are paid from new investors' contributions.
Corporate Fraud
Fraudulent activities perpetrated by a company or by individuals acting on behalf of a company. Example: Falsifying financial statements to mislead investors and regulators.
Insurance Fraud
Any act committed with the intent to fraudulently obtain payment from an insurer. Example: Exaggerating damages to receive higher compensation.
Bankruptcy Fraud
Fraudulent activities specifically related to bankruptcy filing procedures. Example: Intentionally hiding assets to avoid having to forfeit them.
Cybercrime
Criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the internet. Example: Hacking into a database to steal customer information.
Environmental Crime
Illegal acts which directly harm the environment. Example: Illegally disposing of hazardous waste in violation of environmental laws.
Antitrust Violations
A range of activities that are deemed to stifle competition and lead to unfair market dominance. Example: Companies colluding to fix prices or divide markets.
Tax Evasion
The illegal underpayment or non-payment of taxes. Example: Deliberately underreporting income on a tax return.
Intellectual Property Theft
Stealing or using someone else's intellectual property without permission. Example: Software piracy or counterfeit branding.
Counterfeiting
The process of making an imitation of a currency, document, or any product that is made or sold with the intent to deceive. Example: Manufacturing fake designer goods with luxury brand names.
Public Corruption
Illegal acts by government officials that violate their duties and entail the misuse of office for personal gain. Example: A judge taking bribes to deliver favorable rulings.
Insider Trading
The illegal practice of trading on the stock exchange to one's own advantage through having access to confidential information. Example: An executive buying stocks based on non-public company news.
Telemarketing Fraud
A scheme to defraud consumers through the use of telephone communication. Example: Scammers asking for credit card information to charge for nonexistent products or services.
Bribery
The offer or acceptance of anything of value in exchange for influence on a government/public official or employee. Example: Paying a government official for a contract.
Forgery
The act of making, adapting, or imitating objects, statistics, or documents with the intent to deceive. Example: Creating fake government-issued documents like passports.
Economic Espionage
The unlawful targeting and theft of a nation's critical economic intelligence. Example: Stealing trade secrets from a competitor for competitive advantage.
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