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Roper v. Simmons (2005) held that it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes committed while under the age of 18, recognizing the lesser culpability of juveniles in comparison to adults.

New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) decided that school officials do not need a warrant to search a student's property, as long as the search is 'reasonable' in its inception and scope, thereby setting a different standard for searches in schools.

In re Winship (1970) established the standard of 'proof beyond a reasonable doubt' in juvenile court proceedings, which was the same standard as for adult criminal trials, thus increasing the burden of proof required in juvenile court.

Miller v. Alabama (2012) held that mandatory life sentences without the possibility of parole for juveniles violate the Eighth Amendment, necessitating individualized sentencing for juvenile offenders.

Graham v. Florida (2010) ruled that juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide offenses, arguing that such sentences violate the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.

Schall v. Martin (1984) upheld the preventive detention of juveniles if they are considered a risk to public safety, thereby affirming the government's interest in protecting the community from serious juvenile offenders.

J.D.B. v. North Carolina (2011) determined that the age of a child is relevant when considering Miranda custody analysis, thereby providing additional protection for juveniles during police questioning.

Kent v. United States (1966) guaranteed the right to a hearing before a juvenile can be transferred to adult court, and the decision must include a statement of reasons, thereby providing juveniles with additional procedural protections.

Breed v. Jones (1975) protected juveniles from double jeopardy. It stated that once a juvenile court has adjudicated a child as a delinquent, they cannot be tried for the same charge as an adult.