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Juvenile Law Vocabulary

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Detention

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The temporary custody of a minor suspected of a delinquent act, pending court proceedings.

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Juvenile Petition

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A document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile.

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Commitment

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An order by a juvenile court that a convicted juvenile be placed in a juvenile detention or treatment facility.

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Secure Detention

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Confinement of juveniles in a locked facility, designed to ensure their presence at trial and protect the community.

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Transfer/Waiver

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A legal procedure by which a juvenile court waives its jurisdiction over a juvenile and transfers the case to adult criminal court.

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Disposition Hearing

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A hearing where the juvenile court determines the appropriate treatment or penalty for an adjudicated juvenile.

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Extended Juvenile Jurisdiction (EJJ)

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A program in some states that combines juvenile and adult sentences for certain serious juvenile offenders.

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Detention Hearing

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A hearing to determine if a juvenile should be kept in custody pending further court action.

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Guardian ad Litem

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A court-appointed advocate assigned to represent the best interests of a child in court proceedings.

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Juvenile Hall

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A facility for the temporary detention of juveniles who are accused or convicted of a crime or delinquent act.

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In Re Gault

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A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established that juveniles have due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment.

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Juvenile Probation Officer (JPO)

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An officer of the court appointed to supervise, guide, and assist juveniles placed on probation.

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Restitution

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A court-ordered payment made by a juvenile offender to the victim as compensation for harm caused.

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Status Offense

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A noncriminal act that is considered a law violation only because of a youth's status as a minor, such as truancy or running away from home.

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Parens Patriae

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A legal doctrine that gives the state the authority to act in a child's best interest.

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Competency

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A juvenile's ability to understand the nature and consequences of court proceedings and to meaningfully participate in their own defense.

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Intake

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The process in which a juvenile court counselor or probation officer reviews a case to decide if it should be filed in court.

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Bindover

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The transfer of a juvenile case to adult court after a hearing determines that a juvenile offender should be treated as an adult.

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Diversion

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The process of redirecting juvenile cases away from formal court proceedings and into alternative programs for rehabilitation.

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Aftercare

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The supervision and services provided to juveniles after they are released from detention or incarceration

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Delinquent Act

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An act committed by a minor that would be a criminal offense if committed by an adult.

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Adjudication

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The process by which a juvenile court determines whether the allegations in a petition are supported by evidence.

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Disposition

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The final decision by a juvenile court on what should be done after a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent or found in need of services.

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Informal Adjustment

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An agreement between the juvenile, their parents, and the court to resolve a case without formal adjudication.

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Consent Decree

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A voluntary agreement entered into by a juvenile offender, their parents, and the court before a formal adjudication.

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