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American Revolution Essentials

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Declaration of Independence

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The document adopted on July 4, 1776, by the Second Continental Congress, announcing the colonies' separation from Great Britain.

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Thomas Paine

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Author of 'Common Sense' and 'The American Crisis' which had a profound influence on public opinion and the morale of the troops during the Revolution.

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Benjamin Franklin

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Founding Father who helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, and was vital in securing French support for the American Revolution.

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Continental Congress

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The legislative body that governed the United States during the American Revolution and implemented the Declaration of Independence.

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Valley Forge

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The site of the Continental Army's winter camp (1777-1778), where George Washington's troops faced hardship but were trained into a more effective force.

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Lexington and Concord

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The first battles of the American Revolution on April 19, 1775, they were the initial conflicts between British soldiers and colonial minutemen.

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Sons of Liberty

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An organization of American colonists that was created to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.

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The Stamp Act

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A 1765 act by the British Parliament that imposed a direct tax on the colonies for stamped paper and was widely opposed by colonists.

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Articles of Confederation

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The first 'constitution' of the United States, ratified in 1781, which created a loose confederation of states with a weak central government.

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John Adams

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Founding Father, first Vice President, and second President of the United States. He was a key figure in the Continental Congress and an advocate for independence.

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Yorktown

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The 1781 siege and subsequent surrender by British General Cornwallis to American and French forces, effectively ending major operations in the Revolutionary War.

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George Washington

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Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and the first President of the United States. His leadership was crucial to the nascent country's success.

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Paul Revere's Midnight Ride

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A famous event where Paul Revere and other riders warned the colonial militia of the approaching British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord.

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Alexander Hamilton

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A Founding Father, chief of staff to General Washington, the first Secretary of the Treasury, and author of a large portion of the Federalist Papers.

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Battle of Saratoga

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A major battle of the American Revolution that led to the surrender of British troops in 1777 and secured French support for the American cause.

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The Federalist Papers

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A series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay under the name 'Publius' to support ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

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Bunker Hill

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The first major battle of the American Revolution, fought on June 17, 1775, demonstrating that colonial forces could stand up to the British army.

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Marquis de Lafayette

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French nobleman and military officer who fought for the United States in the American Revolutionary War, providing tactical leadership and securing vital French reinforcements.

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The Treaty of Paris 1783

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The agreement that officially ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing U.S. independence and granting territory to the new nation.

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Boston Tea Party

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An act of defiance by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, December 16, 1773, against British taxation without representation by dumping tea into the harbor.

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