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Civil Rights Movement Leaders

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Martin Luther King Jr.

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An American Baptist minister and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. His 'I Have a Dream' speech is iconic, and his efforts led to the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act.

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Bayard Rustin

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An American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, nonviolence, and gay rights. He is best known for organizing the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

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Freedom Summer

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A 1964 voter registration drive aimed at dramatically increasing voter registration in Mississippi, which had historically excluded most blacks from voting.

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Sojourner Truth

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An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist famous for her speech on racial inequalities, 'Ain't I a Woman?' delivered extemporaneously in 1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention.

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Frederick Douglass

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An American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman, he escaped from slavery and became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York.

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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A civil rights protest that occurred from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, in Montgomery, Alabama. It was a seminal event in the civil rights movement and a political and social protest against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system.

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The Greensboro Sit-Ins

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A series of nonviolent protests in 1960 that led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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Ella Baker

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An African American civil rights and human rights activist, she was a largely behind-the-scenes organizer whose career spanned more than five decades. She worked with the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

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March on Washington

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A massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when about 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech.

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John Lewis

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An American politician and civil-rights leader who served in the United States House of Representatives. He was a chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and played a key role in the struggle to end segregation.

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Malcolm X

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An African American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement, known for his advocacy for the rights of blacks and his indictment of white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans.

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Rosa Parks

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Nicknamed 'the first lady of civil rights', she refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott and serving as an important symbol of the civil rights movement.

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Fannie Lou Hamer

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An American voting and women's rights activist, community organizer, and a leader in the civil rights movement. She was instrumental in organizing Mississippi's Freedom Summer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

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Harriet Tubman

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Born into slavery, she escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.

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W.E.B. Du Bois

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An American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor, he was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

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Thurgood Marshall

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An American lawyer who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Before becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education.

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James Meredith

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An American civil rights activist who in 1962 became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi, an event that was a flashpoint in the civil rights movement.

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Selma to Montgomery Marches

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Three protest marches that took place in 1965 along the 54-mile highway from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery. They were marked by violence, notably 'Bloody Sunday', and were instrumental in the passage of the Voting Rights Act.

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