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Historical Monarchs and Their Reigns
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Louis XIV of France
Period of reign: 1643-1715, Notable events: Construction of the Palace of Versailles, Wars of Expansion.
Catherine the Great of Russia
Period of reign: 1762-1796, Notable events: Expansion to the Black Sea, Pugachev's Rebellion.
Suleiman the Magnificent
Period of reign: 1520-1566, Notable events: Expansion of the Ottoman Empire, Legal reforms.
Elizabeth I of England
Period of reign: 1558-1603, Notable events: Defeat of the Spanish Armada, Elizabethan Religious Settlement.
Ivan the Terrible
Period of reign: 1547-1584, Notable events: Establishment of the Tsardom of Russia, Oprichnina.
Cleopatra VII
Period of reign: 51-30 BC, Notable events: Last Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, Relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
Julius Caesar
Period of reign: 49-44 BC (as dictator), Notable events: The Gallic Wars, The Great Roman Civil War, Assassination on the Ides of March.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Period of reign: 1804-1814/1815, Notable events: Napoleonic Wars, The Continental System.
Emperor Constantine I
Period of reign: 306-337, Notable events: Edict of Milan, Founding of Constantinople.
Philip II of Spain
Period of reign: 1556-1598, Notable events: Spanish Armada, Height of Spanish power and wealth from overseas empire.
Queen Victoria
Period of reign: 1837-1901, Notable events: Victorian Era, Expansion of the British Empire.
Henry VIII of England
Period of reign: 1509-1547, Notable events: English Reformation, Establishment of the Church of England.
Tutankhamun of Egypt
Period of reign: 1332-1323 BC, Notable events: Restoration of the traditional Egyptian religion, Death and the discovery of his tomb.
Peter the Great
Period of reign: 1682-1725, Notable events: The Great Northern War, Westernization and modernization of Russia, Foundation of Saint Petersburg.
King Richard the Lionheart
Period of reign: 1189-1199, Notable events: Third Crusade, Battles with Saladin.
Queen Anne of Great Britain
Period of reign: 1702-1714, Notable events: The Act of Union of 1707, War of the Spanish Succession.
Emperor Justinian I
Period of reign: 527-565, Notable events: Justinian Code, Reconquest of former Roman territories, Hagia Sophia construction.
Charlemagne
Period of reign: 768-814, Notable events: Unification of Western Europe, Carolingian Renaissance.
William the Conqueror
Period of reign: 1066-1087, Notable events: Norman Conquest of England, Domesday Book.
Emperor Meiji of Japan
Period of reign: 1867-1912, Notable events: Meiji Restoration, Rapid modernization and industrialization of Japan.
Genghis Khan
Period of reign: 1206-1227, Notable events: Founding of the Mongol Empire, Major military campaigns.
Alexander the Great
Period of reign: 336-323 BC, Notable events: Conquests creating one of the largest empires, Hellenization of the Near East.
Mansa Musa
Period of reign: c. 1312-1337, Notable events: Pilgrimage to Mecca, Expansion of the Mali Empire, Known as richest person in history.
Emperor Qin Shi Huang
Period of reign: 221-210 BC, Notable events: Unification of China, Construction of the Great Wall and Terracotta Army.
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