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Powerful Ancient Empires
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The Han Dynasty
Time period: 206 BC - 220 AD, Geographical extent: East Asia, Major achievements: Silk Road, paper invention, civil service exam system
The Ancient Egyptian Empire
Time period: c. 3100 BC - 30 BC, Geographical extent: Northeast Africa, the Nile Valley, Major achievements: Pyramids, Hieroglyphs, advances in medicine and agriculture
The Gupta Empire
Time period: c. 320 AD - 550 AD, Geographical extent: Much of the Indian subcontinent, Major achievements: Golden Age of India, advances in science (Aryabhata), and the concept of zero
The Maurya Empire
Time period: c. 322 BC - 185 BC, Geographical extent: Most of the Indian subcontinent, Major achievements: Spread of Buddhism, Ashoka's Edicts, centralized government and a vast trade network
The Inca Empire
Time period: c. 1438 AD - 1533 AD, Geographical extent: Western South America, Major achievements: Andean road system, quipus, Machu Picchu
The Babylonian Empire
Time period: c. 1894 BC - 539 BC, Geographical extent: Mesopotamia, Major achievements: Code of Hammurabi, Hanging Gardens, mathematics and astronomy development
The Byzantine Empire
Time period: c. 330 AD - 1453 AD, Geographical extent: Eastern Mediterranean, Major achievements: Preservation of Greco-Roman culture, Justinian's Code, Hagia Sophia
The Assyrian Empire
Time period: c. 911 BC - 609 BC, Geographical extent: Mesopotamia, the Levant, Egypt, Major achievements: First true empire formation, extensive libraries, military innovations
The Aztec Empire
Time period: c. 1345 AD - 1521 AD, Geographical extent: Central Mexico, Major achievements: Chinampas agriculture, Templo Mayor, calendar and mathematical systems
The Ottoman Empire
Time period: c. 1299 AD - 1922 AD, Geographical extent: Southeast Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, Major achievements: Architectural works like the Blue Mosque, legal system (Millet), coffee and tulip period
The Carthaginian Empire
Time period: c. 814 BC - 146 BC, Geographical extent: North Africa, Western Mediterranean, Major achievements: Naval dominance, the general Hannibal, trade network across the Mediterranean
The Roman Empire
Time period: 27 BC - 476 AD, Geographical extent: Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Major achievements: Legal system (Roman Law), extensive road networks, the Twelve Tables
The Persian Empire (Achaemenid Empire)
Time period: c. 550 BC - 330 BC, Geographical extent: Asia Minor to Indus Valley, Major achievements: Royal Road, Qanat irrigation systems, early human rights (Cyrus Cylinder)
The Mongol Empire
Time period: c. 1206 AD - 1368 AD, Geographical extent: Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan, Major achievements: Largest contiguous land empire in history, Pax Mongolica, development of the postal system (Yam)
The Macedonian Empire (Alexandrian Empire)
Time period: c. 336 BC - 323 BC, Geographical extent: Greece, Egypt, into Asia up to Northwestern India, Major achievements: Spread of Hellenistic culture, foundation of many cities, library of Alexandria
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