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Egyptian Pharaohs and Dynasties

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Narmer

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Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100 BCE); Unified Upper and Lower Egypt

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Akhenaten

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Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1353–1336 BCE); Established the worship of Aten, changed his name from Amenhotep IV

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Thutmose III

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Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1479–1425 BCE); Known as the Napoleon of Egypt, expanded Egypt's empire to its greatest extent

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Ramses II

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Nineteenth Dynasty (c. 1279–1213 BCE); Known as Ramses the Great, numerous architectural achievements

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Seti I

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Nineteenth Dynasty (c. 1290–1279 BCE); Reasserted Egyptian power in the region, constructed the Temple of Seti I at Abydos

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Djoser

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Third Dynasty (c. 2670 BCE); Built the Step Pyramid at Saqqara

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Hatshepsut

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Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1478–1458 BCE); First female pharaoh, expanded trade

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Second Intermediate Period

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Second Intermediate Period (c. 1640–1550 BCE); Period of disunity and foreign rule, including the Hyksos

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Nefertiti

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Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1353–1336 BCE); Her reign was marked by the Amarna Period and may have ended in a co-regency or sole rule following Akhenaten's death

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Tutankhamun

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Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1332–1323 BCE); Restored traditional Egyptian religion, his tomb was found mostly intact

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Eighteenth Dynasty

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New Kingdom (c. 1550–1292 BCE); Known as the Thutmosid Dynasty, saw the height of Egypt's power

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Khufu

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Fourth Dynasty (c. 2589–2566 BCE); Commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza

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First Dynasty

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Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2900 BCE); Formation of the first centralized state that we recognize as ancient Egypt

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Ptolemy I Soter

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Ptolemaic Dynasty (reigned 305–282 BCE); A general of Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt and founder of the Ptolemaic Kingdom

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Snefru

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Fourth Dynasty (c. 2613–2589 BCE); Built the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid

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Twelfth Dynasty

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Middle Kingdom (c. 1991–1802 BCE); Considered the golden age of the Middle Kingdom, literature flourished

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Cleopatra VII

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Ptolemaic Dynasty (69–30 BCE); Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, formed political alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony

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Twenty-Sixth Dynasty

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Late Period (c. 664–525 BCE); Last native dynasty to rule Egypt before Persian conquest

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Third Intermediate Period

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Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BCE); Period of political fragmentation and foreign invasions

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Ptolemaic Dynasty

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Hellenistic Period (305–30 BCE); Period of Greek rule following Alexander the Great's conquest, ended with Cleopatra VII

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Amenhotep III

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Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1386–1349 BCE); A period of prosperity and artistic splendor, built numerous impressive structures

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Meritaten

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Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1353–1336 BCE); Daughter of Akhenaten, may have ruled briefly as pharaoh or queen regent

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