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Egyptian Pharaohs and Dynasties
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Narmer
Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100 BCE); Unified Upper and Lower Egypt
Akhenaten
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1353–1336 BCE); Established the worship of Aten, changed his name from Amenhotep IV
Thutmose III
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1479–1425 BCE); Known as the Napoleon of Egypt, expanded Egypt's empire to its greatest extent
Ramses II
Nineteenth Dynasty (c. 1279–1213 BCE); Known as Ramses the Great, numerous architectural achievements
Seti I
Nineteenth Dynasty (c. 1290–1279 BCE); Reasserted Egyptian power in the region, constructed the Temple of Seti I at Abydos
Djoser
Third Dynasty (c. 2670 BCE); Built the Step Pyramid at Saqqara
Hatshepsut
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1478–1458 BCE); First female pharaoh, expanded trade
Second Intermediate Period
Second Intermediate Period (c. 1640–1550 BCE); Period of disunity and foreign rule, including the Hyksos
Nefertiti
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1353–1336 BCE); Her reign was marked by the Amarna Period and may have ended in a co-regency or sole rule following Akhenaten's death
Tutankhamun
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1332–1323 BCE); Restored traditional Egyptian religion, his tomb was found mostly intact
Eighteenth Dynasty
New Kingdom (c. 1550–1292 BCE); Known as the Thutmosid Dynasty, saw the height of Egypt's power
Khufu
Fourth Dynasty (c. 2589–2566 BCE); Commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza
First Dynasty
Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2900 BCE); Formation of the first centralized state that we recognize as ancient Egypt
Ptolemy I Soter
Ptolemaic Dynasty (reigned 305–282 BCE); A general of Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt and founder of the Ptolemaic Kingdom
Snefru
Fourth Dynasty (c. 2613–2589 BCE); Built the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid
Twelfth Dynasty
Middle Kingdom (c. 1991–1802 BCE); Considered the golden age of the Middle Kingdom, literature flourished
Cleopatra VII
Ptolemaic Dynasty (69–30 BCE); Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, formed political alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony
Twenty-Sixth Dynasty
Late Period (c. 664–525 BCE); Last native dynasty to rule Egypt before Persian conquest
Third Intermediate Period
Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BCE); Period of political fragmentation and foreign invasions
Ptolemaic Dynasty
Hellenistic Period (305–30 BCE); Period of Greek rule following Alexander the Great's conquest, ended with Cleopatra VII
Amenhotep III
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1386–1349 BCE); A period of prosperity and artistic splendor, built numerous impressive structures
Meritaten
Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1353–1336 BCE); Daughter of Akhenaten, may have ruled briefly as pharaoh or queen regent
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