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Cryptanalysis Techniques

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Chosen Plaintext Attack

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An attack in which the cryptanalyst has the capability to choose arbitrary plaintexts to encrypt and then studies the corresponding ciphertexts.

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Frequency Analysis

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A technique that is based on how frequently certain letters appear in a language to break classical ciphers.

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Known Plaintext Attack

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When the attacker has access to both the plaintext and its encrypted version, and seeks to discover other plaintexts or the key.

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Dictionary Attack

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An attack using a pre-arranged list of likely passwords or phrases, such as those found in a dictionary.

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Fault Analysis

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An attack that involves inducing errors in a cryptographic computation to gain insight into the algorithm or key.

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Ciphertext-Only Attack

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An attack where the attacker only has access to a collection of ciphertexts.

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Integral Cryptanalysis

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Targets block ciphers using sets of related plaintexts where certain properties are maintained across the plaintexts.

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XSL Attack

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A type of attack on block ciphers that relies on solving systems of equations that are expected to be sparse in certain algebraic attacks.

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Cube Attack

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An algebraic attack that assumes the cipher can be described by a low-degree polynomial and attempts to solve it.

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Linear Cryptanalysis

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A statistical attack on block ciphers, using linear approximations to describe the behavior of the cipher.

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Timing Attack

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A type of side-channel attack where the attacker attempts to compromise a cryptosystem by analyzing the time taken to execute cryptographic algorithms.

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Padding Oracle Attack

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Exploits the way some implementations of cryptographic protocols reveal whether a message has been correctly padded.

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Boomerang Attack

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A cryptanalysis attack that uses differential cryptanalysis twice like a boomerang to analyze the encryption algorithm.

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Rainbow Table Attack

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A time-memory trade-off attack using a precomputed table for reversing cryptographic hash functions.

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Biclique Attack

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A type of cryptanalysis that extends the meet-in-the-middle attack with structures called bicliques to solve certain block ciphers.

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Man-in-the-Middle Attack

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An attack where the attacker intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating.

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Side-Channel Attack

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Any attack based on information gained from the physical implementation of a cryptosystem, rather than brute force or theoretical weaknesses.

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Algebraic Attack

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A method that models cryptographic algorithms as a system of algebraic equations that can be solved to find the key.

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Birthday Attack

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A type of attack on hash functions that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory.

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Impossible Differential Attack

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A cryptanalysis technique aimed at block ciphers where the attacker finds a differential path that is impossible to exist under certain circumstances.

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Power Analysis

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A side-channel attack which involves monitoring the electrical power consumption of a cryptographic hardware device.

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Rubber Hose Cryptanalysis

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A colloquial term for acquiring cryptographic secrets (such as encryption keys) through coercion or threats.

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Brute Force Attack

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An exhaustive search that tries every possible combination to find the encryption key or decrypt a message.

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Time Memory Trade-Off

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An attack that uses precomputed tables to reduce the time required to derive a key from its ciphertext.

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Meet-in-the-Middle Attack

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An attack that exploits the use of multiple encryption layers, trying to find a common intermediate state from both ends.

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Mod n Cryptanalysis

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An attack used primarily against RSA, exploiting the fact that for some messages, the RSA function can be iterated to find a cycle.

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Related-Key Attack

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An advanced cryptanalysis technique in which the attacker analyzes the relationships between keys that are related in a known way.

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Slide Attack

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This attack exploits cipher weaknesses when they process repeated identical operations or transformations over the dataset.

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Differential Cryptanalysis

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A method that studies how differences in input can affect the resultant difference at the output.

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Cold Boot Attack

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An attack that exploits the data remanence property of DRAM and SRAM to retrieve data from a computer's memory after a cold reboot.

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