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Encryption Modes of Operation
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CTR (Counter)
Encrypts a sequential counter value to form a stream of keystream blocks, which are XORed with plaintext.
EAX (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data)
A mode of operation that provides both confidentiality and authentication, suitable for software implementation.
XTS-AES (IEEE P1619)
A tweakable block cipher specifically designed for disk sector encryption by IEEE P1619.
HCBC (Hash-Chain Block Chaining)
An encryption mode that incorporates hash functions into CBC for improved security.
CMAC (Cipher-based Message Authentication Code)
An algorithm to authenticate encryption that is based on symmetric key block ciphers.
SIV (Synthetic Initialization Vector)
Provides deterministic authenticated encryption, protecting against repeat plaintext attacks without a nonce.
GMAC (Galois Message Authentication Code)
An authentication-only variant of the GCM which can be used as a MAC.
CWC (Carter-Wegman + CTR)
Combines a Wegman-Carter style MAC with the CTR mode of encryption for authenticated encryption.
CBC (Cipher Block Chaining)
Combines each plaintext block with the previous ciphertext block before encrypting.
CFB (Cipher Feedback)
Converts a block cipher into a self-synchronizing stream cipher, obscuring patterns in the plaintext.
CCM (Counter with CBC-MAC)
Provides both authentication and confidentiality, combining CTR mode encryption with CBC-MAC.
ACFP (Authenticated CFB plus PipeLine)
An authenticated encryption mode that builds on CFB and includes pipeline stages.
PCFB (Plaintext Cipher Feedback)
A variation of CFB where the feedback is the plaintext, not the ciphertext.
EME (ECB-Mix-ECB)
A wide-block encryption mode that uses two layers of ECB encryption and a mixing step.
TDEA (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm)
Uses a block cipher three times to increase the encryption strength.
ECB (Electronic Codebook)
Encrypts blocks independently, susceptible to pattern attacks.
GCM (Galois/Counter Mode)
A mode of operation for symmetric key cryptographic block ciphers that has built-in authentication.
LRW (Liskov-Rivest-Wagner)
Designed to make block ciphers secure against chosen-plaintext attacks.
KW (Key Wrapping)
An encryption mode specifically for encrypting and integrity-checking secret keys.
CFB-1 (1-bit Cipher Feedback)
A variant of the CFB mode that processes data 1 bit at a time.
PCBC (Propagating Cipher Block Chaining)
Similar to CBC mode, with added complexity to protect against stream cipher attacks.
OFB (Output Feedback)
Also turns a block cipher into a stream cipher but without synchronizing – errors do not propagate.
OCB (Offset CodeBook)
A mode that combines privacy and authenticity efficiently using block ciphers.
CFB-8 (8-bit Cipher Feedback)
A variation of CFB that encrypts data 8 bits or 1 byte at a time.
XTS (XEX-based Tweaked CodeBook mode with Ciphertext Stealing)
Commonly used for disk encryption; provides two independent keys for ciphertext and tweak.
KWP (Key Wrapping Protocol)
Used for wrapping (encrypting) cryptographic keys with another key.
GMODE (Galois/Counter Mode with Dual Encryption)
Enhancement of GCM mode that provides pre-encrypting and post-encrypting data for additional security.
CBC-MAC (Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code)
A technique for constructing a message authentication code from a block cipher.
CTR-ACPKM (Counter with Autonomous Counter with Key Management)
A mode of operation that provides confidentiality and supports key management by updating keys for each message.
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