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A measure of the unpredictability or randomness collected by a system, essential for secure randomness in cryptographic applications.

An algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers that approximates the properties of random numbers.

A PRNG with properties that make it suitable for use in cryptography, including unpredictability and irreversibility.

An initial value used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator, critical for producing an unpredictable sequence of numbers.

A random or pseudo-random number issued in a cryptographic communication to ensure that old communications cannot be reused in replay attacks.

A theoretical model used to analyze the security of cryptographic protocols, in which an idealized 'oracle' provides truly random responses.

A physical device or component that generates random numbers from physical processes, often used to increase the entropy of a system.

A device that generates random numbers by measuring quantum phenomena, such as the decay of radioactive atoms or photon paths.

A property of a sequence of values where no recognizable pattern or predictability is apparent, crucial for cryptographic security.

A function that converts a source of entropy, which may not be uniformly random, into a string of random bits with nearly uniform distribution.

A procedure to test sequences generated by random number generators to ensure they meet the requirements of randomness.

The process of feeding a starting value into a PRNG to begin the generation of pseudorandom sequences, with entropy contributing to seed quality.

A system that is used to generate a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance.

The process of refreshing the seed value of a PRNG to maintain the unpredictability of its output sequence.

The generation of bits (0 or 1) with an equal probability of either outcome, used as the foundation of secure random number generation in cryptography.

A property of CSPRNGs ensuring that if the state of the generator at a certain point is compromised, past numbers generated are still secure.

A property of cryptographic algorithms which ensures that the compromise of one key will not lead to the compromise of keys from subsequent time periods.

A mathematical formalism used for modeling random processes, also found in cryptographic algorithms to ensure unpredictability.

Methods used to protect a PRNG's past or future outputs even if part of its internal state is revealed at some point.

A function that takes an input (or 'message') and returns a fixed-size string of bytes, designed to be a one-way function, which is computationally infeasible to invert.

The process of creating keys for use in a cryptographic algorithm, in which randomness plays a critical role to ensure key unpredictability and security.

A source of unpredictable input used to seed random number generators in cryptographic systems.

A principle stating that a cryptographic system should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge, emphasizing the importance of key randomness.

A encryption technique that cannot be cracked if used correctly, but requires a random key the same length as the message being sent.

The use of random numbers or processes to secure cryptographic operations like key exchange, digital signatures, and nonces.

Cryptographic functions that take an input state and produce an output state with increased entropy and diffusion, often used in RNG construction.

A property of cryptographic algorithms where the output bits are spread out over the structure of the cipher to obscure the relationship with the input bits, achieved by employing randomness.

A publicly accessible source of randomness that generates random numbers at regular intervals, often used for cryptographic applications and systems requiring a high degree of trust.

The process of using algorithms and mathematical techniques to convert weakly random sources into highly random cryptographic keys or numbers.