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A combination of three or more notes sounded together.

The speed at which a piece of music is played.

The distance between two pitches.

To change the key of a piece of music by moving all the notes up or down in pitch by a consistent interval

A directive in sheet music that instructs the musician to go back to the start of the piece.

The fourth scale degree of the diatonic scale, lying a perfect fifth below the tonic, it is considered the second most important chord after the tonic.

A flexible tempo not bound by the meter, allowing expressive and rhythmic freedom.

A sequence of chords that brings an end to a phrase, either in the middle or the end of a composition.

A symbol above a note indicating that it should be held longer than its value dictates.

The fifth scale degree of the diatonic scale, it is important in determining the hierarchy of pitches.

A concluding section of a piece of music that is different from the main structure, used to bring the piece to an end.

The first note of a scale, which serves as the home base around which the melody and harmony are built.

A smooth and connected style of playing or singing a series of notes.

The relationship between two or more independent melodies that are played together.

A sequence of notes in a specific, ascending or descending order of pitch.

A segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats, set by the time signature.

The change from one key to another within a piece.

The volume of a piece of music, or the symbols that indicate the volume.

A symbol placed on the staff that designates the G above middle C as the second line of the stave.

A symbol placed on the staff, indicating that the fourth line of the staff corresponds to the F below middle C.

A symbol that appears at the beginning of a piece of music, immediately after the key signature, consisting of two numbers, one on top of the other, indicating the number of beats in a measure and the value of the beat.

The pattern of sound, silence, and emphasis in a song.

Playing the notes of a chord consecutively, often in a pattern, rather than simultaneously.

An emphasis placed on a particular note, either through volume, articulation, or duration.

A set of sharp or flat symbols placed together on the staff which indicates the key of the music.

A clef that places middle C on the third line of the staff.

Two notes that sound the same but are written differently.

Playing or singing notes sharply and detached.

A three-note chord consisting of a root, third, and fifth interval.