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A set of sharp or flat symbols placed together on the staff which indicates the key of the music.

A symbol that appears at the beginning of a piece of music, immediately after the key signature, consisting of two numbers, one on top of the other, indicating the number of beats in a measure and the value of the beat.

A symbol placed on the staff that designates the G above middle C as the second line of the stave.

A symbol placed on the staff, indicating that the fourth line of the staff corresponds to the F below middle C.

A clef that places middle C on the third line of the staff.

A sequence of notes in a specific, ascending or descending order of pitch.

A combination of three or more notes sounded together.

The distance between two pitches.

The volume of a piece of music, or the symbols that indicate the volume.

The speed at which a piece of music is played.

The pattern of sound, silence, and emphasis in a song.

A segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats, set by the time signature.

A three-note chord consisting of a root, third, and fifth interval.

To change the key of a piece of music by moving all the notes up or down in pitch by a consistent interval

Playing the notes of a chord consecutively, often in a pattern, rather than simultaneously.

A sequence of chords that brings an end to a phrase, either in the middle or the end of a composition.

A symbol above a note indicating that it should be held longer than its value dictates.

Two notes that sound the same but are written differently.

The emphasis on beats or parts of beats not normally emphasized, creating a rhythmic counterpoint.

A smooth and connected style of playing or singing a series of notes.

Playing or singing notes sharply and detached.

A directive in sheet music that instructs the musician to go back to the start of the piece.

A concluding section of a piece of music that is different from the main structure, used to bring the piece to an end.

The relationship between two or more independent melodies that are played together.

The change from one key to another within a piece.

An emphasis placed on a particular note, either through volume, articulation, or duration.

The first note of a scale, which serves as the home base around which the melody and harmony are built.

The fifth scale degree of the diatonic scale, it is important in determining the hierarchy of pitches.

The fourth scale degree of the diatonic scale, lying a perfect fifth below the tonic, it is considered the second most important chord after the tonic.