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Heraclitus's Doctrine of Change
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Fire as a primary element
Heraclitus saw fire as the primary substance of the universe, symbolizing the perpetual change and transformation inherent in existence.
The unity of opposites
For Heraclitus, opposing forces are actually interconnected and interdependent, revealing unity within the apparent chaos of change.
No man ever steps in the same river twice
Heraclitus believed that because everything is constantly changing, even a stable entity like a river is never the same from one moment to the next.
Panta rhei
This phrase, meaning 'everything flows,' encapsulates Heraclitus's view that the universe is in a constant state of flux.
Logos
Though constantly changing, Heraclitus believed there was a 'Logos,' a rational structure, that underpinned the world's transformations.
War is the father of all
Heraclitus viewed conflict and strife as central to the universe, both creating and destroying to engender growth and change.
Can't step into the same river twice (Variation)
Heraclitus uses the river metaphor to indicate that change is the fundamental essence of the universe and human experience.
The Sun is new each day
Even the most enduring and seemingly unchanging objects are, in Heraclitus's view, renewed continuously, and thus subject to the universal law of change.
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