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Posidonius was a polymath who integrated Stoicism with elements of Platonism and Aristotelianism. He made significant contributions to ethics, logic, and natural philosophy. Notable quote: 'The mind is nothing else than the part of us which is noblest.'

Hierocles was a Stoic philosopher known for his ideas about oikeiôsis, which is the Stoic notion of social solidarity and affinity. He compared the human relationship to concentric circles where one should aim to draw the outer circles closer to the center. Notable quote: 'If reason persuades us to place our leading principle in the region of the highest good, and the essence of that principle is social, then it is nature which prompts us to benefit our fellow-men.'

Cato the Younger was a Roman statesman who became a model of virtue and Stoic principles. His life was marked by his moral rigor and opposition to the tyranny of Julius Caesar. Notable quote: 'I would much rather have men ask why I have no statue than why I have one.'

Musonius Rufus was a Roman Stoic philosopher who emphasized the importance of living a virtuous life in one's everyday behavior. He believed in practical applications of philosophy and that both men and women are capable of practicing virtue. Notable quote: 'It is the mark of an educated man to look for precision in each class of things just so far as the nature of the subject admits.'

Marcus Aurelius is known for his philosophical work 'Meditations', which reflects his Stoic beliefs. He focused on personal virtue and wisdom, and living a life in accordance with nature. Notable quote: 'You have power over your mind - not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength.'

Epictetus emphasized the distinction between what is within our control and what is not. He believed that inner tranquility comes from focusing on our own actions and accepting what is beyond our control. Notable quote: 'We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.'

Zeno of Citium founded the Stoic school of philosophy in Athens around 300 BCE. He taught that virtue is the highest good and should be pursued to achieve a life of harmony with the universe. Notable quote: 'Well-being is realized by small steps, but is truly no small thing.'

Chrysippus was a Stoic philosopher who developed much of the logic and theory behind Stoicism. He believed that emotions resulted from errors of judgment and that a sage would remain emotionally resilient. Notable quote: 'No man can be free from passion through any other means than philosophy.'

Gaius Musonius Rufus, often just referred to as Musonius Rufus, emphasized the importance of living a philosophical life, irrespective of one's circumstances. He taught Stoic doctrine and the equality of all people in the pursuit of virtue. Notable quote: 'That one should desire to depart this life rather than to remain in it is contrary to man's nature.'

Cleanthes succeeded Zeno as the head of the Stoic school. He is known for his contribution to Stoic physics and for his Hymn to Zeus, reflecting the Stoic belief in living in accordance with nature and the divine order. Notable quote: 'The Fates guide the person who accepts them and hinder the person who resists them.'

Arrian is known for compiling and editing the teachings of Epictetus in the works 'Discourses' and 'Enchiridion'. Although not himself a philosopher, his works are essential for the understanding of Epictetan Stoicism. Notable quote: 'To accuse others for one’s own misfortunes is a sign of want of education; to accuse oneself shows that one’s education has begun; to accuse neither oneself nor others shows that one’s education is complete.'