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A metaphor from Plato's 'Republic' illustrating the difference between the world of appearances and the world of Forms. Prisoners in a cave mistake shadows for reality until one escapes and discovers the true world of ideas.

Plato's belief that non-material abstract forms, and not the world of material objects we perceive, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality.

Plato's philosophy which posits that universals exist independently of instances, or the particulars that exhibit them.

According to Plato, it's the physical world we perceive through our senses; characterized by change and impermanence, as opposed to the unchanging world of Forms.

In Platonic philosophy, this refers to the realm of Forms, which is eternal, unchanging, and not perceivable by senses – only by intellect.

Plato considered it as the highest Form, and akin to the sun, it illuminates the other Forms, allowing them to be known.

A ruler that Plato describes in 'Republic' who possesses both love of wisdom and the moral character needed to rule justly.

The concept that reality consists of two fundamentally different worlds: the physical world of the senses and the spiritual world of the Forms.

In Plato's philosophy, it is the form of love that leads the soul to real beauty, helping it to ascend to the understanding of the Form of Beauty.

This philosophical doctrine asserts that reality is primarily constructed by the mind, with the ultimate truths lying in abstract Forms rather than in sensory perception.

Presented in Plato's 'Symposium', it's a metaphor for the ascent a lover might make, from physical attraction to individual bodies towards an appreciation of Universal Beauty.

Plato's model of the soul, which includes three parts: the logical (reason), the spirited (will), and the appetitive (desires).

The theory that humans possess innate knowledge (of the Forms) from birth and that learning is the process of rediscovering that knowledge within oneself.

From Plato's 'Phaedrus', it represents the human soul as a chariot drawn by two horses, symbolizing the conflict between rational and irrational impulses.

Plato proposed in 'Republic' that telling a myth or false tale to maintain social harmony and to justify the distinction between social classes is sometimes necessary.

Plato's method for uncovering truth involved dialogue that employed question and answer to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.

The educational institution founded by Plato in Athens, often considered the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Term used by Plato to describe the intermediate state between the sensible world and the world of Forms, where humans live and have experiences.

In Plato's philosophy, it represents imitation or representation, particularly in arts, which he criticized for merely imitating the physical world and not representing the Forms.