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Ethical Judgments in Historical Evaluation
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Historical Reconciliation
Historical Reconciliation involves assessing the ethical aspects of healing historical wounds, looking at how societies deal with past injustices and seek closure.
Moral Responsibility
Moral Responsibility investigates the accountability of historical figures for their actions, and how this shapes our ethical assessment of their legacies.
Retributive Justice
Retributive Justice considers the ethics of punishment in history, analyzing how the retrospective application of justice can be morally evaluated.
Presentism
Presentism critiques the application of contemporary values to assess historical events, highlighting the risk of anachronistic judgments and the importance of historical context.
Commemorative Ethics
Commemorative Ethics involves the moral considerations of how historical events are remembered and honored, influencing the collective memory and interpretation of the past.
Consequentialism
Consequentialism focuses on the outcomes of historical actions when making ethical judgments, ensuring that the consequences are central to evaluating the morality of past decisions.
Virtue Ethics
Virtue Ethics looks at the character and virtues of historical figures rather than only the morality of specific actions, placing importance on moral character in historical evaluation.
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism applies the principle of 'the greatest good for the greatest number' to historical events, analyzing the ethical implications through the lens of maximal utility.
Deontological Ethics
Deontological Ethics judges historical actions based on adherence to rules, duties, or obligations, regardless of consequences, promoting the idea of universal moral imperatives.
Narrative Ethics
Narrative Ethics evaluates historical accounts in terms of the stories they tell, assessing ethical judgments within the narrative constructs of history.
Historical Determinism
Historical Determinism questions the autonomy of historical actors, suggesting that ethical judgments must consider the predetermined forces that have shaped historical events.
Emancipatory Ethics
Emancipatory Ethics focuses on historical evaluation from the perspective of liberation and justice, challenging oppressive structures and seeking to highlight the ethical quest for freedom and equality.
Postmodern Ethics
Postmodern Ethics emphasizes the complex and subjective nature of historical narratives, arguing for a plurality of ethical judgments and rejecting overarching moral metanarratives.
Restorative Justice
Restorative Justice looks at historical wrongdoings and their resolution, focusing on repairing harm and reconciling the ethical aftermath of historical conflicts.
Eco-centric Ethics
Eco-centric Ethics places nature at the center of ethical considerations, prompting a re-evaluation of historical human actions in terms of their impact on the environment and non-human life.
Cultural Heritage Ethics
Cultural Heritage Ethics looks at the preservation and destruction of cultural heritage, evaluating how historical actions regarding cultural artifacts and legacies are morally judged.
Intergenerational Justice
Intergenerational Justice evaluates the ethical responsibilities of one generation to another, assessing historical decisions for their fairness to and impact on future generations.
Relativism
Relativism examines how ethical judgments on historical events may vary depending on cultural, social, and personal perspectives, emphasizing the importance of context in evaluation.
Moral Absolutism
Moral Absolutism investigates whether there are universal ethical truths that apply to historical evaluation, challenging the idea that ethical judgments are subjective or relative.
Heroism and Villainization
Heroism and Villainization examines how individuals are ethically characterized in history, questioning the simplification of complex individuals into heroes or villains.
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