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Analytic vs. Synthetic Distinction

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Synthetic

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Synthetic judgments require experience to determine their truth value. Example: 'All swans are white.' (Counterexamples can be found.)

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Synthetic

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Synthetic statements can be true or false based on observation and facts. Example: 'Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.'

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Analytic

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In analytic philosophy, these statements are often used to clarify concepts and logic. Example: 'Squares have four sides.'

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Analytic

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Analytic statements are true by definition and are logically necessary. Example: 'A triangle has three sides.'

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Analytic propositions are sometimes accused of being vacuous since they do not tell us anything new about the world. Example: 'All mothers are female.'

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Synthetic

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A statement is synthetic if its truth is determined by the way the world is, rather than just by the meanings of the words involved. Example: 'The cat is on the mat.'

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Analytic

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Sentences expressing analytic truths are self-justifying and require no external justification. Example: 'All widows had husbands.'

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A statement is analytic if its truth depends solely on the meaning of its terms, rather than on facts about the world. Example: 'All bachelors are unmarried.'

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Kant introduced the concept of analytic statements, defining them as those in which the predicate concept is contained in the subject concept. Example: 'All bodies are extended.'

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Synthetic statements often advance our knowledge about the world since they add to our understanding of how the world is. Example: 'Humans have landed on the Moon.'

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Synthetic statements are a central subject in the philosophy of science as they can be tested and falsified. Example: 'The Earth revolves around the Sun.'

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A synthetic a priori proposition is one that is true by virtue of meaning and is also somehow informative about the world. Kant's example: '7 + 5 = 12.'

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