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Commits the speaker to a future course of action. Example: 'I will be there at 8 o'clock.'

The intended significance of the utterance. Example: By saying 'Can you pass the salt?' the speaker is requesting someone to pass the salt.

The conditions that must be met for a speech act to be successfully performed. Example: For a promise, the speaker must intend to do what they are promising.

The act of saying something with a specific meaning. Example: 'The cat sat on the mat.'

Changes the reality in accordance with the proposition of the declaration. Example: 'I now pronounce you husband and wife.'

Expresses the speaker's belief about the truth of a proposition. Example: 'Snow is white.'

Attempts to get the listener to do something. Example: 'Please close the window.'

An utterance that performs an action without explicitly saying so. Example: 'You're standing on my foot.'

A clear utterance that performs an action by the act of being said, often containing a performative verb. Example: 'I apologize for my mistake.'

The actual effect of the utterance on the listener. Example: 'Your room is a mess!' may cause the listener to clean their room.

An utterance that performs an action simply by the fact of being said. Example: 'I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth.'

Expresses the speaker's feelings or emotional reactions. Example: 'Congratulations on your graduation!'

An utterance that can be deemed true or false, as it represents the world as being a certain way. Example: 'Dogs are mammals.'

A theory that emphasizes the importance of context and intention in analyzing the function of language. Example: 'Can you pass the salt?' is analyzed not just as a question, but as a request.