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Philosophers on Language
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Michael Dummett
Explored the philosophical basis of intuitionistic logic and semantics and wrote on the concept of truth.
Gareth Evans
Worked on reference particularly related to proper names and definite descriptions and the problem of intentional identity.
Tyler Burge
Contributed to theories of de re belief and anti-individualism (or externalism) about mental content.
Ferdinand de Saussure
Established structural linguistics, proposed the concept of the linguistic sign, signifier, and signified.
John Searle
Expanded upon Austin's Speech Act Theory and contributed to the development of the concept of intentionality.
Gottlob Frege
Developed the theory that the meaning of a sentence is its truth value and distinguished between sense and reference of names.
Saul Kripke
Introduced the concept of possible worlds semantics and questioned the Frege-Russell descriptivist theory of proper names.
Peter F. Strawson
Critiqued Russell's theory of descriptions and developed the theory of presupposition in linguistic communication.
Robert Brandom
Developed inferentialism, an approach to semantic theory based on the idea that meaning is determined by rules governing inference.
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Developed theories of meaning, language games, picture theory of language, and the notion of 'language as use'.
Donald Davidson
Known for his work on truth theories and the principle of charity in interpreting language.
J.L. Austin
Developed Speech Act Theory, distinguishing between constative and performative utterances.
Charles Sanders Peirce
Known for his contributions to semiotics and pragmatic philosophy, particularly concerning the theory of signs (semiosis) and representamen.
Noam Chomsky
Developed the theory of generative grammar, arguing for an innate language faculty, and posited the idea of universal grammar.
G.E. Moore
Known for his defense of common sense realism and contributions to the analysis of ethical terms and language.
Rudolf Carnap
Advocated for the logical analysis of language and rejected metaphysics as meaningless; developed the concept of logical syntax.
Richard Montague
Known for Montague grammar, a theory of natural language semantics that applies formal logic to derive grammatical sentences and their meanings.
Ernst Cassirer
Developed a theory of symbolic forms seeing language as a symbolic form that constructs our world understanding.
Paul Grice
Introduced the cooperative principle and conversational implicature to explain how speakers convey meanings indirectly.
Willard Van Orman Quine
Criticized the analytic-synthetic distinction and introduced the concept of the indeterminacy of translation.
Hilary Putnam
Advanced the semantic externalism theory and developed the 'Twin Earth' thought experiment.
David Lewis
Proposed modal realism, the theory that all possible worlds are as real as the actual world, and contributed to counterfactual conditionals.
Alfred Tarski
Developed a rigorous notion of semantic truth and formalized the concept of truth for formal languages.
Bertrand Russell
Contributed to the development of logical atomism and introduced the theory of descriptions.
W.V.O. Quine
Critiqued the analytic-synthetic distinction and introduced the concept of the indeterminacy of translation.
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