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Introduced the cooperative principle and conversational implicature to explain how speakers convey meanings indirectly.

Developed a theory of symbolic forms seeing language as a symbolic form that constructs our world understanding.

Contributed to theories of de re belief and anti-individualism (or externalism) about mental content.

Developed inferentialism, an approach to semantic theory based on the idea that meaning is determined by rules governing inference.

Critiqued the analytic-synthetic distinction and introduced the concept of the indeterminacy of translation.

Known for his work on truth theories and the principle of charity in interpreting language.

Advanced the semantic externalism theory and developed the 'Twin Earth' thought experiment.

Developed the theory of generative grammar, arguing for an innate language faculty, and posited the idea of universal grammar.

Explored the philosophical basis of intuitionistic logic and semantics and wrote on the concept of truth.

Advocated for the logical analysis of language and rejected metaphysics as meaningless; developed the concept of logical syntax.

Expanded upon Austin's Speech Act Theory and contributed to the development of the concept of intentionality.

Developed Speech Act Theory, distinguishing between constative and performative utterances.

Criticized the analytic-synthetic distinction and introduced the concept of the indeterminacy of translation.

Developed a rigorous notion of semantic truth and formalized the concept of truth for formal languages.

Contributed to the development of logical atomism and introduced the theory of descriptions.

Worked on reference particularly related to proper names and definite descriptions and the problem of intentional identity.

Known for his contributions to semiotics and pragmatic philosophy, particularly concerning the theory of signs (semiosis) and representamen.

Developed theories of meaning, language games, picture theory of language, and the notion of 'language as use'.

Proposed modal realism, the theory that all possible worlds are as real as the actual world, and contributed to counterfactual conditionals.

Introduced the concept of possible worlds semantics and questioned the Frege-Russell descriptivist theory of proper names.

Known for his defense of common sense realism and contributions to the analysis of ethical terms and language.

Known for Montague grammar, a theory of natural language semantics that applies formal logic to derive grammatical sentences and their meanings.

Developed the theory that the meaning of a sentence is its truth value and distinguished between sense and reference of names.

Established structural linguistics, proposed the concept of the linguistic sign, signifier, and signified.