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Historical Legal Codes
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Justinian Code
Historical Context: Compiled under the order of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century AD, this code aimed to collect and organize existing Roman laws. Content: The Corpus Juris Civilis, as it is also known, consists of the Codex Justinianus, the Digesta or Pandectae, the Institutiones, and the Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem.
Napoleonic Code
Historical Context: Established under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804, it was a legal code that reformed French civil law. Content: The Napoleonic Code emphasized clearly written and accessible law, was a major influence on developing countries outside of Europe and on the laws of many U.S. states.
Code of Hammurabi
Historical Context: One of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length, created circa 1754 BC during the Babylonian Empire. Content: Consists of 282 laws with scaled punishments, as in 'an eye for an eye'.
Roman Twelve Tables
Historical Context: Formed the basis of Roman law and were created in response to the plebeians' demand for legal transparency around 450 BC. Content: Covered aspects of civil, public, and religious law.
Magna Carta
Historical Context: Issued in 1215 under the reign of King John of England, it was a charter of liberties designed to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons. Content: It promised the protection of church rights, protection from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown.
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