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Historical Legal Codes
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Roman Twelve Tables
Historical Context: Formed the basis of Roman law and were created in response to the plebeians' demand for legal transparency around 450 BC. Content: Covered aspects of civil, public, and religious law.
Justinian Code
Historical Context: Compiled under the order of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century AD, this code aimed to collect and organize existing Roman laws. Content: The Corpus Juris Civilis, as it is also known, consists of the Codex Justinianus, the Digesta or Pandectae, the Institutiones, and the Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem.
Code of Hammurabi
Historical Context: One of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length, created circa 1754 BC during the Babylonian Empire. Content: Consists of 282 laws with scaled punishments, as in 'an eye for an eye'.
Napoleonic Code
Historical Context: Established under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804, it was a legal code that reformed French civil law. Content: The Napoleonic Code emphasized clearly written and accessible law, was a major influence on developing countries outside of Europe and on the laws of many U.S. states.
Magna Carta
Historical Context: Issued in 1215 under the reign of King John of England, it was a charter of liberties designed to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons. Content: It promised the protection of church rights, protection from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown.
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