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The Exclusionary Rule prevents evidence collected in violation of a defendant's rights from being used in court. Types include different applications, such as the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.

Circumstantial evidence implies a fact or event without proving it directly. Types include physical traces, biological materials, and patterns of behavior.

Testimony as evidence involves using the account of witnesses. Types include expert, eyewitness, and character testimony.

Empiricism is the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience. Types of empiricism include classical, radical, and moderate.

Direct evidence supports the truth of an assertion directly, without an intervening inference. Types include testimonial, real, and demonstrative evidence.

The Coherence Theory states that a proposition is true if it coheres with other propositions. Types include holistic and contrastive coherence theories.

Inadmissible evidence is not allowed to be considered by a jury or judge, often due to how it was obtained. Types are based on reasons for exclusion, like hearsay, relevance, and prejudicial nature.

Probabilistic evidence involves uncertainty and the likelihood of events. Types include statistical evidence, probabilistic models, and Bayesian analysis.

Standards of proof are measures of how convincing evidence must be to be considered true in a legal context. Types include preponderance of evidence, clear and convincing, and beyond reasonable doubt.