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A theory that posits the existence of a law whose content is set by nature and that therefore has validity everywhere. Key theorists include Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle.

A philosophy of law that emphasizes the conventional nature of law, which is created by humans without reference to moral principles. Key theorists include John Austin and H.L.A. Hart.

Part of Aquinas' natural law theory, eternal law refers to the principles by which God created and controls the universe. Key Theorist: Thomas Aquinas.

A social rule that is accepted by officials as a standard for validating primary rules of obligation. It is a foundational concept in Hart's legal positivism. Key Theorist: H.L.A. Hart.

The concept of basic goods is a modern development in natural law theory that identifies certain basic values as essential to the common good and human flourishing. Key Theorist: John Finnis.

Austin's theory defines law as commands from a sovereign backed by sanctions. Key Theorist: John Austin.

A thesis that claims there is some kind of non-contingent connection between law and morality. Key Theorists: Lon Fuller and Ronald Dworkin argue against a strict separation of law and morals.

The separation thesis is central to legal positivism and asserts that law and morality are conceptually distinct. Key Theorist: H.L.A. Hart advocates for this separation.

Fuller's concept that the law inherently entails a moral obligation to obey just because of its procedural nature. Key Theorist: Lon Fuller.