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Water Polo Rules for Referees

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What is the correct procedure for a restart after a goal is scored?

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After a goal is scored, the game restarts with the team that conceded the goal taking a free throw from the center of the field.

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Can field players use the bottom of the pool to propel themselves?

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No, field players are not allowed to touch the bottom of the pool to propel themselves, and doing so results in a turnover.

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How is the start of the possessions at the beginning of each period executed?

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Possessions at the beginning of each period are determined by a sprint from each team’s goal line to the center of the pool.

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What is the maximum number of players allowed on each team during a water polo game?

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Each team is allowed a maximum of 13 players, with 7 players (6 field players and 1 goalkeeper) in the water at any one time.

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How many referees officiate a water polo game?

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Two referees officiate a water polo game: one on each side of the pool.

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How many players must be behind their respective half-distance line at the start of each period?

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All players except the goalkeeper and one other player taking the sprint must be behind their respective half-distance line at the start of each period.

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What is the diameter of a water polo goal?

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The inner dimensions of a water polo goal are 3 meters wide and 0.9 meters high.

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What are 'Advantage Rules' in water polo?

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The 'Advantage Rule' allows the game to continue if a foul is committed but not calling the foul benefits the team against whom the foul was committed.

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How long is each quarter in a game of water polo?

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Each quarter in a game of water polo is 8 minutes of actual play time.

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What constitutes a misconduct foul, and what are the consequences?

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Misconduct fouls involve unsportsmanlike behavior, and the consequences can include exclusion from the rest of the game without substitution.

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What happens if a player commits brutality in a water polo game?

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A player committing brutality is excluded for the rest of the game with substitution allowed after four minutes, and their team plays one player down for four minutes.

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How many timeouts can a team take in a water polo match?

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A team can take 2 timeouts during a regulation game, and 1 additional timeout if the game goes into overtime.

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What is the size of a water polo ball for men's competition?

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The size of a water polo ball for men's competition is 68 to 71 centimeters in circumference and weighs between 400 and 450 grams.

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What is the two-meter rule in water polo?

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A player without the ball cannot be within two meters of the opponent's goal line unless they are behind the line of the ball.

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Can a player interfere with another player's free throw?

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No, a player cannot interfere with the taking of a free throw; doing so may lead to an exclusion foul.

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What is the maximum angle at which the goal-line inside the cage can be seen for a proper goal structure in water polo?

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The goal-line inside the cage must be visible at an angle of no more than 90 degrees to the surface of the water, ensuring proper visibility for judging goals.

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What happens if the game is tied at the end of regular time?

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If the game is tied at the end of regular time, it goes into overtime, which consists of two 3-minute periods. If still tied, a penalty shootout determines the winner.

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What is considered a valid goal in water polo?

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A valid goal is scored when the entire ball passes completely over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar.

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What is the minimum number of players required on a water polo team to continue a match?

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A match can continue as long as a team has a minimum of 7 players available to play; if a team cannot field 7 players, the game is forfeited.

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What is the required distance an opponent must keep from the player taking a free throw?

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The opponent must be at least 2 meters away from the player taking a free throw in water polo.

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What constitutes a major foul in water polo?

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Major fouls (exclusion fouls) include impeding or pushing an opponent not holding the ball, splashing, interfering with a free throw, and more.

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What is the exclusion foul?

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An exclusion foul results in a player being excluded from the game for 20 seconds, allowing the opposing team to play with a one-player advantage.

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Can a water polo goalkeeper touch the ball with two hands?

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Yes, the goalkeeper is the only player allowed to touch the ball with two hands, but only within their own 5-meter area.

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What constitutes a minor foul in water polo?

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Minor fouls include impeding the progress of an opponent not in possession of the ball, touching the ball with a clenched fist, and taking the ball under water when tackled.

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What is the distance of the penalty throw from the goal line?

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The penalty throw is taken 5 meters from the goal line, directly in front of the cage.

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Can a player use the ball to push off an opponent?

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No, a player cannot use the ball to push off an opponent as this is considered an offensive foul.

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How long can a water polo player hold the ball?

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A player can hold the ball for a maximum of 30 seconds before shooting or passing. This is known as the possession or shot clock.

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How deep must the water be in a water polo pool?

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The water polo pool must be at least 1.8 meters deep to ensure players cannot touch the bottom.

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Can a water polo player act as a goalkeeper?

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Yes, any player can act as a goalkeeper and is then allowed to use two hands; however, they must wear the goalkeeper's cap if they do so for any extended period.

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How does cap color differentiation work for goalkeepers?

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Goalkeepers wear a different color cap (normally red) than their teammates (usually blue or white) and the opposing team's goalkeeper cap (also red but with a distinct number 1).

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