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Developed the theory of cognitive development which describes how children construct a mental model of the world.

Known for his sociocultural theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and cultural context in learning.

Created the theory of psychosocial development which highlights the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.

Proposed the psychosexual stages of development, which assert that early life experiences are crucial in the development of adult personality.

Originated attachment theory, which posits that children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments with caregivers as a means of survival.

Developed the Ecological Systems Theory, which views child development within the context of the system of relationships that form his or her environment.

Famous for the social learning theory and the concept of self-efficacy.

Expanded on Bowlby's attachment theory with the development of the Strange Situation procedure, which identified different types of attachment behaviors in children.

Known for Gesell's Maturational theory, which asserts that development in children is a biological process that occurs in predictable sequential stages.