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Personal Space and Territory
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Territorial Behavior
The methods by which an individual or group lays claim to an area, defending it against others. Examples: Putting personal belongings on a public seat, animals marking territory.
Personal Space
An invisible boundary surrounding individuals that they regard as their own space; intrusion causes discomfort. Examples: Standing close to strangers in an elevator, or someone sitting too close on a bench.
Personal Distance
Space people maintain between themselves and others during social interactions. Example parameters are 1.5 to 4 feet for casual conversations among acquaintances.
Home Territory
Spaces that individuals consider their private area where they can freely express themselves and feel secure. Examples: A person's house, room, or desk at work.
Secondary Territory
An area not central to an individual's life but still recognized as their own through repeat visitation or use. Examples: A favorite seat in a classroom, or a regular table at a coffee shop.
Public Territory
Areas that are open to all and owned by none, where people are expected to share space. Examples: Park benches, tables in a public library.
Interaction Territory
Space dynamically established by individuals when they engage in interpersonal interactions. Examples: A group of people forming a circle at a party, or a family gathering around a table in a restaurant.
Public Distance
The space considered appropriate for interactions between individuals who do not know each other. Typically begins at about 12 feet to the limits of visible interaction.
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