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Human Sensory Systems
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Olfactory System
Components: Olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract. Function: Detection and processing of smell (olfaction).
Gustatory System
Components: Taste buds, gustatory cells, gustatory nerves. Function: Detection and processing of taste (gustation).
Visual System
Components: Eyes, optic nerves, visual cortices. Function: Detection and processing of visual information.
Auditory System
Components: Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, auditory nerves. Function: Detection and processing of sound (hearing).
Tactile System
Components: Skin, mechanoreceptors, somatosensory cortex. Function: Detection and processing of touch (tactile sensation).
Proprioceptive System
Components: Muscles, tendons, joints, proprioceptors. Function: Detection and processing of body position and movement (proprioception).
Vestibular System
Components: Inner ear (semicircular canals), vestibular nerves, vestibular nuclei. Function: Detection and processing of balance and spatial orientation.
Thermoreceptive System
Components: Thermoreceptors, hypothalamus, somatosensory cortex. Function: Detection of temperature (thermoception).
Nociceptive System
Components: Nociceptors, spinal cord, somatosensory cortex. Function: Detection of painful or potentially harmful stimuli (nociception).
Enteric Sensory System
Components: Enteric nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors. Function: Detection of gastrointestinal environment status (enteric sensation).
Chemosensory System
Components: Chemoreceptors, olfactory bulb, gustatory cortex. Function: Combined detection of taste and smell.
Endocrine Feedback System
Components: Glands, hormones, receptors. Function: Regulation of internal environment through hormones (not typically classified as a sensory system).
Somatosensory System
Components: Sensory receptors (mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors), neural pathways, somatosensory cortex. Function: Processing of somatic sensations including touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception.
Peripheral Nervous System
Components: Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves. Function: Relays sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (CNS) and conducts motor commands back to body tissues (while not a sensory system per se, it is fundamental to sensory function).
Interoceptive System
Components: Interoceptors, neural pathways, insular cortex. Function: Detection of internal body sensations (interoception), such as hunger, thirst, and internal organ states.
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