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Crucial for the formation of new memories and is also associated with learning and emotions.

Involved in emotion processing, particularly fear and pleasure responses. It is also key for forming emotional memories.

Responsible for higher cognitive functions including reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and part of speech and movement control.

Primary function is to process visual information from the eyes.

Processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to spatial sense and navigation (proprioception), the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch.

Involved in processing auditory information and is also important for the processing of semantics in speech and vision.

Coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.

Controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, and consciousness.

A group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement.

Relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex and also regulates sleep, alertness, and wakefulness.

Responsible for the regulation of certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes neurohormones, often called releasing hormones.

Important for the production of speech, language processing, and speech-related movements.

Important for language comprehension. Damage to this area can result in receptive aphasia, where the person can speak but not understand language.

A wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and enables communication between them.

Often referred to as the 'master gland,' it regulates most of the body's endocrine functions via the secretion of various hormones into the bloodstream.

Small endocrine gland in the brain responsible for the production of melatonin, which regulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles.

A portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

Part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus. It is involved in the control of breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance.

Continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem. It controls autonomic functions and is the center for respiration and circulation.

Part of the midbrain that plays an important role in visual and auditory reflexes and is involved in the coordination of eye movements.

A principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and plays a crucial role in the processing of auditory information in the brain.

A part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is involved in processing emotions and behavior regulation. It also helps to regulate autonomic motor function.

Involved in functions typically linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions include compassion and empathy, perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experiences.

The location of the primary motor cortex which is responsible for voluntary movements by sending signals to the muscles.