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I-O Psychology Research Methods

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Literature Review

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Synthesizing existing research to identify trends and gaps in the literature. Important for developing hypotheses and research questions.

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Survey Research

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Collecting data from a sample of individuals to generalize findings to a larger population. Often used in job satisfaction and employee engagement studies.

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Experimental Design

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Manipulating one variable to determine if it causes a change in another variable. Useful for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.

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Quasi-Experimental Design

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Resembles experimental design but lacks random assignment. Used when experiments are not feasible due to ethical or practical restrictions.

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Cross-Sectional Study

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Examining a variable or variables at a single point in time. Often used in organizational surveys to assess current states like job satisfaction.

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Longitudinal Study

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Studying variables over an extended period of time to detect changes or patterns. Important for understanding employee development and career trajectories.

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Meta-Analysis

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Combining and analyzing data from multiple studies to draw broader conclusions. Extremely valuable in understanding the effectiveness of interventions and practices.

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Case Study

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In-depth analysis of a single organization or a small group of employees to explore complex phenomena within its real-life context.

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Structured Interviews

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Using a standardized set of questions for all interviewees to reduce bias and increase reliability of interview data. Common in selection and hiring processes.

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Observational Research

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Closely watching employees in their natural work environment to gather data on their behavior. Useful in job analysis and ergonomics studies.

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Job Analysis

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Systematically studying job roles to define job duties and requirements. Fundamental in creating job descriptions and specifications.

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Focus Groups

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Gathering a group of employees to discuss issues or concerns related to the workplace. Facilitates idea generation and captures employee sentiment.

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Correlational Study

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Examining the statistical relationship between two or more variables. Helps in understanding the degree to which variables are related in the workforce.

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Factor Analysis

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A statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables, called factors. Often used in test development and validation.

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Cohort Study

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Following a subgroup of individuals who share a defining characteristic over time to study outcomes. Can be used to study career progression or the impact of training programs.

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Content Analysis

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Systematic coding and quantifying of text data to identify themes or patterns. Useful in analyzing open-ended survey responses or company reports.

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Action Research

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A collaborative process that assesses the effect of a strategic change or intervention within an organization. Aims to solve problems and improve practice.

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Program Evaluation

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Systematic collection and analysis of information to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of programs, policies, and projects. Integral in human resources development.

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